123 p) with regard to the procedural activity of the interested parties, only two of the five families that came before the inter-American system resorted to regular justice and have become civil parties and filed their complaints under administrative law. The list does not give the names of the next of kin of the victims at the time of the facts and there was a census of the displaced persons, except for the Valencia Sanmiguel family. Furthermore, neither the domestic nor the international proceedings show that the next of kin of the victims or their representatives were restricted or obstructed in their access to justice or in filing the remedies allowed by domestic legislation; q) the debate on the competent tribunal is part of due process, for which reason the issue of clash of spheres of competence addresses the implicit guarantees of the right to fair trial and must be taken into account when considering this case. The discussions that it gave rise to and the involvement of the highest courts in the decision on the matter do not constitute an unwarranted delay or a useless procedure with regard to the aims of protection and guarantees in the criminal proceeding. Presumption of innocence, inherent to due process, was duly considered by the investigators and judges; r) the investigations began ex officio and immediately after the facts took place; s) restorative justice, as it is called, seeks punishment of offenders and reparations for those offended, and especially to restore and repair the social fabric. The Court should help the State move along this path, in the instant case, recognizing that its jurisdictional authorities have complied with internationally accepted standards of truth regarding what happened in Mapiripán; that justice has acted and the main persons responsible for these facts have been convicted and sentenced, and that what is being sought, both under domestic proceedings and before this important venue, are the fair reparations to which the victims are entitled. Despite the complexity and circumstances of the case, including destruction of evidence by the offenders, there was no delay in judicial action; and t) inclusion of the system of amparo remedies or actions to protect constitutional rights in the legal order should be addressed by the Court in its jurisprudence, recognizing and placing it in the appropriate place in the juridical ambit of the countries that are Parties to the Convention, in accordance with its significant progress and proven efficacy. Considerations of the Court 193. Article 8(1) of the American Convention establishes: Every person has the right to a hearing, with due guarantees and within a reasonable time, by a competent, independent, and impartial tribunal, previously established by law, in the substantiation of any accusation of a criminal nature made against him or for the determination of his rights and obligations of a civil, labor, fiscal, or any other nature. 194. Article 25 of the Convention provides that: