3 origins in the XVIth century, the law of nations (droit des gens, derecho de gentes, direito das gentes) encompassed not only States, but also peoples, and the human person, individually and in groups), and humankind as a whole4. 8. In this respect, reference can be made, for example, to the inspiring work by Francisco de Vitoria5, particularly his De Indis - Relectio Prior (1538-1539)6. In his well-known Salamanca lectures De Indis (chapters VI and VII), Vitoria clarified his understanding of jus gentium as a law for all, individuals and peoples as well as States, "every fraction of humanity"7. In the XVIIth century, in the days of Hugo Grotius (De Jure Belli ac Pacis, 1625), likewise, the jus humanae societatis, conceived as a universal one, comprised States as well as peoples and individuals8. It is important to rescue this universalist outlook, in the current process of humanization of international law and of construction of the new jus gentium of the XXIst century. 9. The present case of the Moiwana Community before the Inter-American Court, disclosing the cultural wealth of what is known as "Latin America", - of which we can, and have to, be proud of as human beings, - gives an eloquent testimony of the need to propound and advance further this universalist outlook of the law of nations. As the present Judgment of the Court further acknowledges, as to the proven facts, "The N'djuka community's relationship to its traditional land is of vital spiritual, cultural and material importance. In order for the culture to maintain its integrity and identity, its members must have access to their homeland. Land rights in the N'djuka society exist on several levels, ranging from rights of the entire ethnic community to those of the individual. Larger territorial land rights . A.A. Cançado Trindade,- "La Humanización del Derecho Internacional y los Límites de la Razón de Estado", 40 Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte/Brazil (2001) pp. 11-23; A.A. Cançado Trindade, "A Personalidade e Capacidade Jurídicas do Indivíduo como Sujeito do Direito Internacional", in Jornadas de Direito Internacional (Ciudad de México, Dec. 2001), Washington D.C., OAS Subsecretariat of Legal Affairs, 2002, pp. 311-347; and cf. A.A. Cançado Trindade, "Vers la consolidation de la capacité juridique internationale des pétitionnaires dans le système interaméricain des droits de la personne", 14 Revue québécoise de droit international (2001) n. 2, pp. 207-239. 4 . Francisco de Vitoria, Relecciones del Estado, de los Indios, y del Derecho de la Guerra (with an Introduction by A. Gómez Robledo), 2nd. ed., Mexico, Ed. Porrúa, 1985, pp. XXX, XLIVXLV, LXXVII and 61, and cf. pp. LXII-LXIII. 5 . Francisco de Vitoria, De Indis - Relectio Prior (1538-1539), in: Obras de Francisco de Vitoria - Relecciones Teológicas (ed. T. Urdanoz), Madrid, BAC, 1960, p. 675. 6 . J. Brown Scott, The Spanish Origin of International Law - Francisco de Vitoria and his Law of Nations, Oxford/London, Clarendon Press/H. Milford - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1934, pp. 140 and 170. 7 . Cf. H. Grotius, De Jure Belli ac Pacis (1625), The Hague, Nijhoff, 1948, pp. 6, 10 and 84-85; and P.P. Remec, The Position of the Individual in International Law according to Grotius and Vattel, The Hague, Nijhoff, 1960, pp. 203, 216-217 and 219-220. 8