95. A few days before the May 1994 elections, Narciso González Medina published an opinion article in the magazine La Muralla entitled: “10 Pruebas que demuestran que Balaguer es lo más perverso que ha surgido en América” [10 tests that reveal that Balaguer is the most perverse individual to have emerged in America]. In this article, Narciso González Medina used 10 synonyms of the word perverse (“murderer”, “delinquent”, “immoral”, “depraved, “perverted”, “servile”, “cheat”, “thief”, “despicable” and “swindler”) “to relate them to the words and acts of Joaquín Balaguer Ricardo” and, allegedly demonstrate that, among “other bullies, madmen, criminals and swindlers” who have “sprouted like weeds in every country and throughout history [in the Americas],” “Joaquín Balaguer [is] perversity taken to the nth degree.” He also stated that “[i]t is time for us to end [this] nightmare.” 105 96. On May 24, 1994, Narciso González Medina’s eldest son, Ernesto González Ramírez, observed that, when his father entered the house, a car with tinted windows stopped in front, without turning off the engine. When his father saw this, he walked towards the vehicle, which drove away. Mr. González Medina allegedly said to his son: “just so that you know, I am being followed, they want to harm me.” 106 97. The following day, May 25, 1994, Narciso González Medina gave a speech in the UASD urging the university professors, employees and students and, especially, the university authorities, to condemn firmly what had happened during the elections, and called on them to combat the fraud that had been reported by “civil disobedience,” and not “with mere documents,” to avoid a repetition of a situation such as the one that permitted the establishment of the Trujillo dictatorship. In addition, in his speech, Mr. González Medina insinuated that the heads of the Police, the Army, and the Air Force had supported the reported electoral fraud, because “the President of the Republic [Joaquín Balaguer] had given them the opportunity […] to obtain 25 million pesos in contracts, without being engineers.” 107 105 Undated article published in La Muralla entitled “10 pruebas que demuestran que Balaguer es lo más perverso que ha surgido en América” (file of attachments to the application, attachment 6, folios 3761 to 3762). This copy provided by the Commission is an undated reproduction of the said article published “in the understanding that the whole Nation is interested in knowing its content.” However, the body of evidence reveals that the said article was originally published in the April-May 1994 issue of La Muralla. Cf. August 24, 2001, ruling of the National District Seventh Investigating Court. Decisions Nos. 195/2001 and 110-2001 (hereinafter “August 24, 2001, ruling of the Investigating Court”) (file of attachments to the application, attachment 14, folio 1463); “Narcisazo ¿Dónde estás?” supra note 99, folios 4706 and 4745, and book entitled “Crímenes contra la prensa. Atentados and censuras en República Dominicana, 1844-2007,” supra note 89, folio 6324. 106 Affidavit made by Ernesto González Ramírez on June 15, 2011 (merits file, tome III, folio 1099). Additionally, cf. Summary of the statement made by Ernesto González Ramírez before the Police Board, cited in the summary of October 25, 1994, of the investigation conducted by the Police Board entitled “Investigación en torno a la ausencia del profesor universitario Dr. Narciso González Medina (or) Narcisazo” [Investigation into the absence of university professor, Narciso González Medina] (hereinafter “Summary of the Police Board investigation”) (file of attachments to the pleadings and motions brief, attachment 10, folio 4871); testimony given by witness Manuel de Jesús de la Rosa Hidalgo, supra note 100, folio 1140; summary of the statement made by Luz Altagracia Ramírez on July 7, 1995, before the Seventh Investigating Court, cited in the Investigating Court’s ruling of August 24, 2001, (file of attachments to the application, attachment 14, folio 4315), and statement of Luz Altagracia Ramírez of June 6, 1998, before the Joint Board (file of attachments to the application, attachment 13, folio 4137). 107 “[…] If we take now into account that this electoral fraud was organized after the President of the Republic gave the Chief of Police, the Head of the Air Force and the Head of the Army the opportunity to obtain 25 million pesos in contracts, without being engineers; if we take this into account and we observe the militarization to which the entire country is subjected, we reach the conclusion that we are faced with the repetition of the Horacio Vásquez phenomenon; and this cannot be fought with mere documents, but with attitudes that approach what in Civics is known as civil disobedience.” Transcript of the speech given by Narciso González Medina on May 25, 1994 (file of attachments to the application, attachment 7, folio 3764). Also, cf. Video recording of the speech made by Narciso González Medina before the UASD Professors’ Assembly on May 25, 1994 (file of attachments to the pleadings and motions brief, attachment 23, folio 5036); testimony of Mario Suriel Núñez before the Inter- 33