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77. Juan Sic 78. Tomás Cuxúm Lajuj 79. Juán Sic Sic 80. Tomasa Rafael Lajuj 81. Juana Cuxum Lajuj 82. Valerio Sic Isquém 83. Juana Sic Enriquez 84. Vicenta Sánchez Ivoy 85. Juana Túm Sánchez 86. Victor Sic Sic 87. Juliana Chén Alvarado 88. Zenon Sic Hernández 89. Juliana Osorio Chen 117

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I INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE AND PURPOSE OF THE DISPUTE5
II PROCEEDING BEFORE THE COURT6
III COMPETENCE8
IV PARTIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RESPONSIB8
V PRELIMINARY OBJECTION OFLACK OF COMPETENCERATIONE TEMPORIS14
A.Arguments of the parties andofthe Inter-American Commission14
B.Considerations of the Court15
VI EVIDENCE17
A.Documentary, testimonial and expert evidence17
B. Admission of the evidence 2
VII PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS18
A.Determination of the presumed victims:18
B.Other facts and human rights violations alleged by the representatives21
VIII FACTS22
A)General context23
B)Background to the massacres of the community of Río Negro27
C.Massacre of March 4, 1980, in the chapel of the community of Río Negro and extrajudicial executions of July 8, 1980 28
D.Massacre of February 13, 1982, in the village of Xococ30
E.Massacre of March 13, 1982, on Cerro Pacoxom2
F.Massacre of May 14, 1982, in Los Encuentros36
G.Massacre of September 14, 1982, in Agua Fría2
H.Life in the mountains and the resettlement of the members of the Community of Río Negro in the Pacux settlement37
I.Investigation, prosecutionand punishment of those responsible for the massacres40
a.Massacres committed in the Río Negro chapel andatLos Encuentros40
b.Massacre committed in Xococ40
c. Massacres of Río Negro(Pacoxom)and Agua Fría41
c.1. Principal measures taken41
c.2.Exhumations44
c.3. Request for information from State authorities and measurestaken to capture former Colonel José Antonio González Solares45
IX RIGHTS TOPERSONAL LIBERTY ANDINTEGRITY, TO LIFE AND TOJURIDICAL PERSONALITY OF THE MEMBERS OF THE RÍO NEGRO COMMUNITY WHO WERE FORCIBLY DISAPPEARED, AND THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILDREN OF RÍO NEGRO WHO WERE FORCIBLY DISAPPEARED, IN RELATION TO THE OBLIGATIONTO RESPECT AND GUARANTEERIGHTS47
A.Arguments of the parties and of the Inter-American Commission47
B.Forced disappearance as amultiple and continuingviolation of human rights47
C.The forced disappearance of 17people takenaway byhelicopter during the massacre perpetratedin Los Encuentroson May 14, 198251
X RIGHT TO PERSONAL INTEGRITY IN RELATION TO THE RIGHT TO HONOR AND DIGNITY, THE PROHIBITION OF SLAVERY AND SERVITUDE, THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECTAND GUARANTEETHE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD, THE RIGHTSOF THE FAMILY, FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AND RELIGION, AND THE GENERAL OBLIGATION TO RESPECT AND GUARANTEE RIGHTS53
A. Violations ofthe rights to personal integrity and to honor and dignityof María Eustaquia Uscap Ivoy, owing tothe consequences of the rapeshesuffered 53
A.1.Arguments of the parties and of the Inter-American Commission53
A.2. Considerations of the Court 54
B. Violation of the right to personal integrity, in relation tothe prohibition of slavery and servitude, and the obligations to respect and guarantee the rights of the child and the rightsof the family, to thedetriment of 17children takenfrom the Río Negro Community55
B.1. Arguments of the parties and of the Inter-American Commission3
B.2.Considerations of the Court56
C. Violation of the right to personal integrity, in relation tofreedom of conscience and religion, and theright to their own culture of the survivors of the Río Negromassacres60
C.1. Arguments of the parties and of the Inter-American Commission60
C.2. Considerations of the Court61
C.3. Alleged violation of Article 16 of the American Convention.64
XI RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF MOVEMENTAND RESIDENCE OF THE MEMBERS OF THE RÍO NEGRO COMMUNITY IN RELATIONTO THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT RIGHTS65
A.Argumentsof the parties andofthe Inter-American Commission 65
B.Considerations of the Court 2
B.1. The continuingdisplacement of the community of Río Negro67
B.2.Impossibility of the community ofRío Negroreturning to its ancestral lands68
B.3. Measures adopted by the State to revert the effects of the displacement3
B.4. Conclusion69
XII JUDICIAL GUARANTEES AND JUDICIAL PROTECTION UNDERTHE AMERICAN CONVENTION, IN RELATION TO ARTICLE 1(1) THEREOFAND TO ARTICLES IOF THE INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION ON FORCED DISAPPEARANCE OF PERSONS, 1, 6 AND 8 OF THE INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION TOPREVENT AND PUNISH TORTURE, AND 7(B) OF THE INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION, PUNISHMENTAND ERADICATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN69
A.Argumentsof the parties andofthe Inter-American Commission69
B.Considerations of the Court70
B.1.Failure to investigate the massacres that occurred inthe Río Negro chapel and atLos Encuentros72
B.2. Investigation of the massacres that occurredonCerro Pacoxomand in Agua Fría73
B.2.1. Procedural initiative of the victims73
B.2.2. Responsible parties and criminal offenseapplied74
B.2.3. Failureofthe military authorities tocooperate byprovidinginformation that would assist inthecapture of other responsibleparties 76
B.3. Investigation of the Xococ massacre 77
B.4. Exhumations of osseousremains 78
B.5. Failure to investigate other facts 79
B.6. Reasonable time fortheinvestigation81
B.7. Alleged discrimination dueto the failure to investigatethe facts of thiscase82
B.8. Request of the representatives and the Commission that the facts be classified as “genocide”and “crimes against humanity”82
B.9. Conclusions83
XIII RIGHT TO PERSONAL INTEGRITYOF THE SURVIVORS OF THE RÍO NEGRO MASSACRES, IN RELATION TO THE INVESTIGATION AND THE OBLIGATION TO RESPECT AND GUARANTEE RIGHTS84
A.Arguments of the parties andofthe Inter-American Commission84
B. Considerations of the Court84
XIV REPARATIONS(Application of Article 63(1) of the American Convention)85
A. Injured Party86
B. Obligation to investigate the facts and identify, prosecute, and eventually, punish those responsible87
B.1.Fullinvestigation, determination, prosecution and eventual punishment of all the masterminds and perpetrators87
B.1.1.Arguments of the parties and of the Inter-American Commission87
B.1.2.Considerations of the Court88
B.2. Search for, identification,determination of cause of death, and returnof the remains of thosefoundand identifiedto the next of kin91
C. Integral measures of reparation: satisfaction, rehabilitation, and guarantees of non-repetition93
C.1. Measures of satisfaction 94
C.1.1. Publication and disseminationof the Judgment 94
C.1.2. Public act of acknowledgment of responsibility 95
C.1.3. Creation of a museum in honor of the victims of the internal armed conflict95
C.1.4. Improvement ofinfrastructure and implementation of basicservices and social programs inPacux96
C.1.4.1. Infrastructure and basic services97
C.1.4.2.Project to rescuethe Maya Achí culture97
C.2. Rehabilitation measures98
C.3.Guarantees of non-repetition99
C.3.1.Training for prosecutors, judgesand members of the military forces99
C.4. Othermeasures requested by the representatives100
D.Compensations for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage100
D.1.Compensationgranted under the National ReparationsProgram101
D.2. Pecuniaryand non-pecuniary damage102
D.2.1.Arguments of the parties102
D.2.2. Considerations of the Court103
D.3.Costs and expenses4
D.3.1. Arguments of the parties 105
D.3.2. Considerations of the Court105
D.4 Methodof compliance with the payments ordered106
XV OPERATIVE PARAGRAPHS107
ANNEXI.PERSONS PRESUMABLY EXECUTED DURING THE MASSACREIN THE CHAPEL OFRÍO NEGRO AND DURING THE EXECUTIONS OF JULY 8,1980111
ANNEXII.PERSONS PRESUMABLY EXECUTED DURING THE MASSACREOFXO111
ANNEXIII.PERSONS PRESUMABLY EXECUTED DURING THE MASSACREON CERROPACOXOM112
ANNEXIV.PERSONS PRESUMABLY EXECUTED DURING THE MASSACREOFLOS ENCUENTROS115
ANNEXV.PERSONS PRESUMABLY EXECUTED DURING THE MASSACREOF AGUA FRÍA116

Masacres de Rio Negro. Judgment. September 4, 2012

IACourt judgment

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Type

Costs
Merits
Preliminary Objections
Reparations

Date: Sep 4, 2012

Mechanism

Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

Number: C-250

Country

Guatemala

Signatories

Alberto Pérez Pérez
Diego García-Sayán
Eduardo Vio Grossi
Leonardo A. Franco
Manuel E. Ventura Robles
Rhadys Abreu Blondet

Primary Documents

Rio Negro Massacres. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment.September 4, 2012.pdf
English
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Masacres de Río Negro. Excepciones Preliminares, Fondo, Reparaciones y Costas. Sentencia de 4 de septiembre de 2012.pdf
Spanish
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Supporting files

Masacres de Río Negro. Excepciones Preliminares, Fondo, Reparaciones y Costas. Sentencia de 4 de septiembre de 2012.doc1.17 MB

Rio Negro Massacres. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment.September 4, 2012.doc1.18 MB

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