241. The State partially acknowledged the violation of Article 5 of the Convention to the
detriment of the survivors of the Río Negro Community; in other words, only with regard to
acts that occurred after the recognition of the Court’s jurisdiction. It has been established in
this Judgment that, even though the State has carried out some investigations and has
prosecuted and punished some of those responsible for the facts of the instant case, the
facts continue in impunity, particularly as regards the massacres in the chapel and at Los
Encuentros, and the forced disappearance of 17 individuals at the last site, regarding whom
no investigation whatsoever has been conducted (supra para. 88).
242. In this regard, this Court observes that the surviving victims of the massacres of Río
Negro have expressed their anguish owing to the impunity of these acts. Thus, María Osorio
Chen declared that:
“The people who ordered the slaughter are still free; for example, Colonel Solares has not been
captured […]. Those who are now suffering are the peasants, and those who are really
responsible for the massacre have not been brought before the courts; in the State of Guatemala
there is no support to ensure that justice is done.
I want justice to be done, for the Colonel to be captured, and not only him, but also the people
from the Army. No one from the Army has been captured for the massacres; they are free, only
the peasants are captured; [I dream] that this man will one day be in prison and that he will pay
for all the harm that […] he caused to the people who have lost their family members.”317
243. In addition, as already mentioned in this Judgment (supra para. 205), María
Eustaquia Uscap Ivoy testified that she hoped that justice is done, so that the whole truth
about what happened is known and because, when people realize that there is justice, acts
such as these will not happen again.
244. Thus, it is clear that the surviving victims of the massacres of Río Negro experience
profound suffering and anguish as a result of the impunity of the facts, which occurred in
the context of a State “scorched earth” policy aimed at the total destruction of the said
community (supra para. 57). Therefore, the Court considers that the State violated Article
5(1) of the American Convention, in relation to Article 1(1) of this instrument, to the
detriment of the survivors of the Río Negro massacres. The names of these persons can be
found in Annex VI of this Judgment.
XIV
REPARATIONS
(Application of Article 63(1) of the American Convention)
245. Based on the provisions of Article 63(1) of the Convention, the Court has
established that any violation of an international obligation that has caused damage entails
the obligation to repair it adequately,318 and that this provision reflects a customary norm
that constitutes one of the fundamental principles of contemporary international law on the
State responsibility.319
317
Testimony provided by affidavit by María Osorio Chen on June 15, 2012 (merits file, tome II, folio 1000).
318
Cf. Case of Velásquez Rodríguez v. Honduras. Reparations and costs. Judgment of July 21, 1989. Series C
No. 7, para. 25, and Case of the Kichwa Indigenous People of Sarayaku v. Ecuador, supra, para. 279.
319
Cf. Case of Garrido and Baigorria v. Argentina. Reparations and costs. Judgment of August 27, 1998.
Series C No. 39, para. 40, and Case of the Kichwa Indigenous People of Sarayaku v. Ecuador, supra, para. 279.
85
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