the Convention of Belém do Pará, or Articles 1, 6 and 8 of the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture. The State further contended that it is not responsible for the alleged violation of the right to humane treatment of Jineth Bedoya Lima’s mother, Mrs. Luz Nelly Lima. III. ESTABLISHED FACTS 18. Pursuant to Article 43.1 of its Rules of Procedure, the Commission shall take into account the arguments and evidence presented by the parties, as well as information that is a matter of public knowledge. 3 The latter may include laws, decrees, and other laws and regulations in force in Colombia at the time of the events at issue in this case. A. Prior threats against Jineth Bedoya Lima 19. Jineth Bedoya Lima is a well-known Colombian journalist and human rights defender. She began her career in 1995 and since then has worked in various radio, print, and television media in the country, providing special coverage of the armed conflict in Colombia. 4 She has authored several journalistic books 5 and won a number of national and international awards for her work. 6 At the time of the adoption of this report, Jineth Bedoya is serving as deputy editor of the justice section of the newspaper El Tiempo and leads the “No Es Hora De Callar” [“It’s No Time to Be Quiet”] campaign that promotes the reporting and documentation of sexual and gender-based violence. 7 20. Jineth Bedoya has been the victim of threats and acts of harassment since the beginning of her career as a journalist, especially since she started covering the internal armed conflict and judicial affairs in 1998. On February 15, 1999, Jineth Bedoya began working for the newspaper El Espectador as a reporter on law and order issues in the judicial section. 8 During that year the journalist published several reports on clashes and acts of violence inside the National Model Prison in Bogotá, in which she exposed allegations of human rights violations and arms trafficking in the prison. 9 The articles recounted the clashes between the guerrilla, paramilitary, and common criminal groups that resulted in dozens of deaths and injuries, such as those of April 5, 1999, September 24, 1999, September 8, 1999, and April 27, 2000. The articles “painted a very bad picture Rules of Procedure of the IACHR, article 43.1. “The Commission shall deliberate on the merits of the case, to which end it shall prepare a report in which it will examine the arguments, the evidence presented by the parties, and the information obtained during hearings and on-site observations. In addition, the Commission may take into account other information that is a matter of public knowledge”. 4 Communication of the petitioner received by the IACHR on May 11, 2011, p. 9; and communication of the petitioner received on May 29, 2015, pp. 16-18. See also the communication of the State received by the IACHR on April 5, 2016, p. 2. 5 According to the information provided by the petitioner, which was not challenged by the State, Jineth Bedoya Lima is the author of the following books: “Los Patios del Infierno” (2002); “Diario de un Combate” (2005); “En las Trincheras del Plan Patriota” (2008); “La Pirámide de David Murcia” (2009); “Te hablo desde la prisión” (2010); “Vida y muerte del ‘Mono Jojoy’” (2010); “Blanco neutralizado (2013); “Las batallas de Jineth Bedoya” (2014). 6 According to the information provided by the petitioner, which was not challenged by the State, Jineth Bedoya Lima has received the following prizes and awards, among others: Courage in Journalism Award (New York, 2001); CJFE’s International Press Freedom Award (Toronto, Canada, 2000) for her journalistic coverage at Colombian prisons; International Women of Courage Awards (Washington, DC, 2012); The Simón Bolivar National Award for Journalism (Colombia, 2001 and 2012); Honorific Award at the International Pirineos Sur Festival (Aragón, Spain, 2014); Alfonso López Michelsen National Communication and Journalism Award (Colombia, 2014); The Anna Politkovskaya Award (2017). 7 Campaign “No es hora de Callar” by Jineth Bedoya. The following videos of the campaign are available online: You Tube. El Tiempo. ¿Qué es No es hora de callar?; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuBDxVKtexs; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3G818CATeYY; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxhpEcMfXYw; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w89kNT488-0 8 Annex 1. Employment contract between Jineth Bedoya and the newspaper El Espectador. February 15, 2015. Office of the National Prosecutor General [Fiscalía General de la Nación]. Case 807. C3 pp. 21-22. Annexed to the communication of the petitioner received on May 29, 2015; Annex 2. Office of the National Prosecutor General. UNDH. Sworn statement of Jorge Enrique Cardona Álzate. November 1, 2011. Case 807, C8, pp. 95-107. Annexed to the communication of the petitioner received on May 29, 2015. 9 Annex 3. Office of the 49th Special Prosecutor of the National Prosecutor’s Office for Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law [Dirección de Fiscalía Nacional Especializada de Derechos Humanos y Derecho Internacional Humanitario. Fiscalía Cuarenta y Nueve Especializada]. Determination on the Merits of the Investigation [Calificación de Mérito Sumarial]. September 26, 2014. Case 807, C18, pp. 1-51. Annex 12 to the communication of the petitioner received on May 29, 2015. According to the information presented by the petitioner, which was not challenged by the State, Jineth Bedoya wrote the following articles in 1999 about the La Modelo prison: “Cerradas casas fiscales de la cárcel Modelo” (February 1999); “Masacre en la Modelo” (April 1999); “Mando de mujer en la Modelo” (April 11, 1999); “Caciques mandan en la cárcel Modelo” (undated); “Espectacular fuga de presos” (undated); “Otro plan de fuga en la Modelo de Bogotá” (September 7, 1999); “Pesca Milagrosa en la Modelo” (October 23, 1999); “Asesinado procesado de cartel de la Costa” (November 27, 1999); “Tiroteo en la Modelo: once muertos” (December 9, 1999). 3 4