16 can be seen that there are also “fractures of the left rib curves, at chondrocostal level and in the curves of the second to sixth rib.” The fractures of the thoracic cavity are caused by low charge and it is not possible to associate specific activities to each of them, rather, it can be stated that there are a number of causes. These may include thoracic compression, where the body of the victim is pressed against the ground or a wall, or produced by kicking and hitting the affected area “with an undefined blunt and hard object.” The wounds described in the expert report of the EPAF are “indicative of torture,” as this term is defined in Article 1 of the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The wounds found in the victim’s corpse could have been caused by “anteriorposterior compression of the thorax, causing, among others, sternum fractures and also by inflicting the same or similar degree of force to the ribs at both sides.” Though it is not possible to determine the kind of force inflicted, “it can be inferred that it could have taken different forms, including but not limited to kicks and blows with unidentified blunt and hard objects.” The report informs about a “possible wound caused by a firearm” (referred to as PAF, for its abbreviation in Spanish) through the neck towards the cranial area. In this case there is an “association between the fracture of the posterior arch of the Atlas (first cervical vertebra), the cranial base and the spinal apophysis of C3 and C4 (third and fourth cervical vertebrae). Empirically, this set of elements does not allow discarding a lacerating wound, most probably caused by a short weapon (such as a gun or revolver), through the neck and entering the skull through its base.” The report also states that the wound is possible, fact, which indicates that there is a 50 per cent possibility that such wound had been caused by a firearm. The medium or low speed bullets (less than 350 m/s) “tend to lose most part of their energy when they impact against intermediate targets, such as in this case for example, the spinal apophysis of C3-C4, the arch of the Atlas and/or the occipital squama (in case the bullet has not entered the skull through the foramen magnum). In such case, the bullet would not have sufficient force to exit the skull. Therefore, it can be inferred that the absence of a bullet in the exhumated remains does not suffice to exclude the possibility of a wound caused by a firearm.” The victim’s remains “might have suffered peri-mortem wounds which are compatible with torture” and “the wounds in the neck and the cranium base are compatible with a possible wound caused by a firearm.” 3. Viviana Frida Valz-Gen Rivera, Psychotherapist In spite of the fact that the death of the victim took place many years ago, it was something “totally unexpected” for the next of kin. The fact that an event is unexpected turns it more difficult to be accepted and elaborated. One of the aspects most pointed out by the next of kin is the surprise it caused and the feeling they had