18
53.
The Garífuna economy is made up, among others, by traditional fishing, the cultivation
of mandioc, banana, yuca, and avocado, as well as the hunting of small sea and forest
animals, such as deer, agouti, turtles, and manatees. 47
54.
The Garífuna Community of Triunfo de la Cruz is located in the Department of
Atlántida, Municipality of Tela, on the shores of the Caribbean Sea. According to the
information included in the case file, we can see that on May 3, 1524 “Triunfo de la Cruz” was
founded by Spaniards where the city of Tela is currently located. In 1805 this area was
populated by Garífunas, who as of 1880 were displaced and formed the “Triunfo de la Cruz”
Community again at the location currently occupied by them. 48 It has a rural nature and has
an approximate population of 10,000. The Garífuna of Triunfo de la Cruz practice activities
such as agriculture, traditional fishing, and tourism activities. 49
55.
Regarding the ancestral territory of the Community, there are two different versions,
on one hand the representatives and the Commission argued that it is located in the area
demarcated as follows, to the North with the Caribbean Sea, to the South with the El Tigre
mountain, to the East with the Punta Izopo national park, and to the West with the Triunfo
de la Cruz mountain, covering 2,840 hectares that include “the housing area […] [and] the
functional habitat,” acknowledging as such the areas around the El Tigre mountain, the Punta
Izopo mountain, and the Plátano river.50 On its part, the State rejected that the Garífuna
territory was the one indicated, since the report prepared by the Central American and
Caribbean Research Council (CACRC), which includes a map based on which the
representatives and the Commission made their arguments regarding the ancestral territory
“is not a final document, but an approximation whose content is based on the unilateral
version of the interested parties.”51
56.
The Community of the Triunfo de la Cruz is constituted through the following forms of
social organization: A) Board for the Proactive Improvement of the Community of Triunfo de
la Cruz: its responsibility is to promote and manage projects, plans, and programs oriented
toward the development of the community, as well as contribute to maintenance and
improvement of communal goods; B) the General Assembly of the Community of Triunfo de
la Cruz made up by all members of the Community and it is the maximum deliberation and
decision body of the Board; C) the Council of the Elderly: traditional structure and advising
and guiding entity of the community and its organizations, and D) the Committee for the
Defense of the Lands of Triunfo de la Cruz (hereinafter “CODETT”), in charge of matters
regarding the land and its board of directors is appointed by the Community’s general
assembly.52
57.
On the other hand, this Court recalls that the protection offered with regard to the
right to collective property in Article 21 of the Convention and Convention 169 of the ILO, is
the same regardless of the classification of the holders of said right as indigenous or tribal
peoples or Community, reason for which the lack of acknowledgment by the State of the
Community as a native community has no incidence on the rights it and its members are
Cfr. World Bank Inspection Panel. Research Report – Honduras Land Administration Program. Report No.
39933- HN, June 12, 2007 (evidence file, folios 119 to 120).
47
Cfr. Central American and Caribbean Research Council, “Ethnography Triunfo de la Cruz Community”
(evidence file, folio 278).
48
Cfr. Central American and Caribbean Research Council, “Ethnography Triunfo de la Cruz Community”
(evidence file, folio 276).
49
50
Cfr. Merits Report (merits file, folios 20 to 22); Cfr. Brief of Pleadings and Motions (merits file, folio 192).
51
State’s Final Written Arguments (merits report, folio 934).
52
Cfr. Merits Report (merits file, folios 22 to 23).