32
20, 1978, entitled “Disappeared Persons,” in which the General Assembly expressed
its concern about “reports from various parts of the world relating to enforced or
involuntary disappearances of persons as a result of excesses on the part of law
enforcement or security authorities or similar organizations,” and also its concern
about “reports of difficulties in obtaining reliable information from competent
authorities as to the circumstances of such persons,” and indicated that there is “a
danger to the life, liberty and physical security of such persons, arising from the
persistent failure of these authorities or organizations to acknowledge that such
persons are held in their custody or otherwise account for them.”
104. Added to the above, the Court notes that the phenomenon of forced
disappearances during the armed conflict which affected El Salvador from 1980 to
1991 and its consequences were analyzed and discussed by the Truth Commission
for El Salvador sponsored by the United Nations, the Inter-American Commission on
Human Rights, international organizations, authorities and bodies of the State itself,
and other organizations.19
105. Based on the above, this Court considers that there is no doubt that the
forced disappearance of persons is a continuing crime, which constitutes a complex
form of human rights violation, and that, even in the 1970s, it was being considered
as such in international human rights law. Forced disappearance signifies a flagrant
rejection of the values inherent in human dignity and the most basic principles on
19
Cf. Report of the United Nations Truth Commission on El Salvador, “De la locura a la esperanza:
la guerra de 12 años en El Salvador”, San Salvador, New York, 1992-1993, pp. 41, 42, 43 and 105 to
117; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on
Human Rights 1983-1984. Chapter IV “Situation of human rights in several States”, El Salvador.
OEA/Ser.L/V/II.63 doc 10 of September 28, 1984, paras. 10 and 11; Inter-American Commission on
Human Rights. Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1984-1985. Chapter IV
“Situation of human rights in several States”, El Salvador. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.66 Doc. 10 rev. 1 of October 1,
1985; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on
Human Rights 1985-1986. Chapter IV “Situation of human rights in several States”, El Salvador.
OEA/Ser.L/V/II.68 Doc. 8 rev. 1 of September 26, 1986; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1986-1987. Chapter IV “Situation of
human rights in several States”, El Salvador. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.71 Doc. 9 rev. 1 of September 22, 1987;
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on
Human Rights 1987-1988. Chapter IV “Situation of human rights in several States”, El Salvador.
OEA/Ser.L/V/II.74 Doc. 10 rev. 1 of September 16, 1988; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1988-1989. Chapter IV “Situation of
human rights in several States”, El Salvador. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.76 Doc. 10 of September 18, 1989; United
Nations Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary
Disappearances, “Question of the human rights of all persons subjected to any form of detention or
imprisonment. Question of enforced or involuntary disappearances”, UN Doc. E/CN.4/1995/36 of 21
December 1994, paras. 155-160; United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Working
Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances, “Question of enforced or involuntary disappearances”,
UN Doc. E/CN.4/2003/70 of January 21, 2003, paras. 98 to 102; second decision in file SS-0449-96
issued by the El Salvador Ombudsman on February 10, 2003, on the forced disappearance and
subsequent search for hundreds of children violently separated from their families in the context of the
armed conflict experienced by El Salvador from 1979 to 1991; “Informe de la Procuradora para la Defensa
de los Derechos Humanos sobre las desapariciones forzadas de las niñas Ernestina and Erlinda Serrano
Cruz, su impunidad actual y el patrón de la violencia en que ocurrieron tales desaparición”, issued on
September 2, 2004, pp. 69 to 108; Amnesty International, Report “El Salvador: ¿Dónde están las niñas y
los niños desaparecidos?” July 30 2003, Index No. AI: AMR 29/004/2003/s; Asociación Pro-búsqueda de
Niñas y Niños Desaparecidos, “El día más esperado: buscando a los niños desaparecidos de El Salvador”,
Asociación Pro-búsqueda, UCA Editores, San Salvador, 2001; Asociación Pro-búsqueda de Niñas y Niños
Desaparecidos, “La Paz en Construcción. Un estudio sobre la problemática de la niñez desaparecida por el
conflicto armado en El Salvador”. Asociación Pro-búsqueda and Save the Children Sweden, San Salvador;
and Asociación Pro Búsqueda de Niñas y Niños Desaparecidos, “La problemática de niñas y niños
desaparecidos como consecuencia del conflicto armado interno en El Salvador”, Asociación Pro-búsqueda,
San Salvador, April 1999.
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