44 168. The IACHR has focused its analysis on women human rights defenders who work in zones controlled by the different factions of the armed conflict and the specific risks to their integrity, their lives, and their work in those localities.167 It has documented how the armed actors find that the leadership of the women’s rights organizations poses a threat to their social and territorial control, and represents a break with social notions and stereotypes as to the role women should occupy socially, which has led to the intimidation, persecution, and kidnapping, and to systematic torture and incidents of sexual abuse of representatives of these organizations and their family members.168 This situation has also been highlighted by the IACHR in its annual reports, in the context of the thematic hearings on Colombia, and in its regional reports on the situation of human rights defenders in the Americas.169 169. The Commission has also identified the phenomenon of forced displacement – which is frequently caused by the different factions in the conflict – as a challenge for women’s activities and organizing processes.170 The Commission has also granted a series of precautionary measures and has expanded the existing ones to cover the women working in defense of human rights and the organizations that protect women’s rights, in particular to advance the rights of displaced women.171 In general the Commission has observed the State’s need to investigate and punish the threats against and attacks on women human rights defenders to ensure that these abuses do not end in impunity.172 170. Internationally, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, also highlighted in her report on her visit to Colombia, published March 11, 2002, that women’s human rights organizations and their leaders are the targets of frequent “systematic intimidation and persecuted for the work that they do to defend and improve living February 2003, p. 14; Constitutional Court of Colombia, Judgment T-496 of 2008 (Case T-1783291); and Constitutional Court of Colombia, Order 092-08. 167 IACHR, Violence and Discrimination Against Women in the Armed Conflict in Colombia, OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 67, October 18, 2006, para. 226; IACHR, Annual Report 2009, Follow-up Report on the Report Violence and Discrimination Against Women in the Armed Conflict in Colombia, OEA/Ser.L./V/II. Doc. 67, October 18, 2006, paras. 105-106. 168 IACHR, Violence and Discrimination Against Women in the Armed Conflict in Colombia, OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 67, October 18, 2006, para. 226; IACHR, Annual Report 2009, Follow-up Report on the Report Violence and Discrimination Against Women in the Armed Conflict in Colombia, OEA/Ser.L./V/II. Doc. 67, October 18, 2006, paras. 102-111. 169 See IACHR, Annual Report 2004, Chapter IV, para. 31; IACHR, Annual Report, 2011, Chapter IV: Colombia, para. th 103; IACHR, Thematic Hearings, Situation of Human Rights of Women in Colombia (144 period of sessions, March 26, 2012); rd Violence against Women in Colombia (143 period of sessions, October 27, 2011); Discrimination and violence against women rd stemming from the armed conflict in Colombia (133 period of sessions, October 23, 2008); Violence against Women in nd Colombia in the context of the Armed Conflict (122 period of sessions, February 28, 2005); Situation of women’s rights in th Colombia (119 period of sessions, March 2, 2004); and Situation of the Defenders of Women’s Human Rights in Colombia th (118 period of sessions, October 15, 2003). See also, IACHR, Report on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders in the Americas, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.124 Doc. 5 rev. 1, March 7, 2006, para. 230; IACHR, Second Report on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders in the Americas (2011), para. 293 (note 612). 170 IACHR, Violence and Discrimination Against Women in the Armed Conflict in Colombia, OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 67, October 18, 2006, para. 230. 171 For a description of the precautionary measures granted, see IACHR, Annual Report, 2011, Chapter IV: Colombia, para. 103. 172 IACHR, Annual Report, 2011, Chapter IV: Colombia, para. 108.