and paramilitary groups (18.98%)17 As reported by the Rapporteurs in 1995, each year between 28,000 and
30,000 murders were commited.18
41.
The UN Rapporteurs particularly noted with regard to the extrajudicial executions that, at
the time, the label of “internal enemy” was frequently applied to any person considered to be supporting the
guerrillas in one way or another (even where the latter used force to obtain, for example, food or money from
civilians). The Rapporteurs indicated that this label was extended to all persons who expressed
dissatisfaction with the political, economic and social situation, particularly in the rural areas. 19 Leaders and
members of trade unions, political opposition parties, human rights organizations, social workers, etc., were,
together with peasants, the main victims of human rights violations in areas affected by the armed conflict.20
42.
With respect to one of the modus operandi for some extrajudicial executions, during its visit
in 1997, the Commission has received information about violence against civilians committed in the course of
installing and maintaining military checkpoints due to a perception that guerillas were operating in the
area.21 The Commission noted a relevant element in this context that “there usually does not exist information
to suggest that the security forces had sufficient reason to believe that they were actually firing upon
members of armed dissident groups;” 22 and that on various occasions it was shown that members of the
Army attacked civilians passing through roadblocks “without any warning and without verifying that the
vehicles contained any members of armed dissident groups.” 23
43.
The Commission pointed out that “the State's security forces sometimes suggest to the press
and to the public that the executed individuals were members of armed dissident groups killed in combat.” 24
The Commission stressed rgar it was “extremely concerned by this information indicating that the State
security forces carry out extrajudicial executions of individuals believed to support the guerrillas based on
their presence in an area or their supposed indirect participation in hostilities.” 25
44.
The aforementioned modus operandi in the perpetration of extrajudicial executions was
identified in further detail by the UN Rapporteurs in 1995, who explained that “often, the civilians killed
17 Economic and Social Council, Joint report of the Special Rapporteur on the question of torture, Mr. Nigel S. Rodley, and the
Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Mr. Bacre Waly Ndiaye, submitted pursuant to Commission on
Human Rights resolutions 1994/37 and 1994/82, E/CN.4/1995/111, 16 January 1995, para. 20. Available at: http://daccess-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G95/101/73/PDF/G9510173.pdf?OpenElement
18 Economic and Social Council, Joint report of the Special Rapporteur on the question of torture, Mr. Nigel S. Rodley, and the
Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Mr. Bacre Waly Ndiaye, submitted pursuant to Commission on
Human Rights resolutions 1994/37 and 1994/82, E/CN.4/1995/111, 16 January 1995, para. 103. Available at: http://daccess-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G95/101/73/PDF/G9510173.pdf?OpenElement
19 Economic and Social Council, Joint report of the Special Rapporteur on the question of torture, Mr. Nigel S. Rodley, and the
Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Mr. Bacre Waly Ndiaye, submitted pursuant to Commission on
Human Rights resolutions 1994/37 and 1994/82, E/CN.4/1995/111, 16 January 1995, para. 25. Available at: http://daccess-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G95/101/73/PDF/G9510173.pdf?OpenElement
20 Economic and Social Council, Joint report of the Special Rapporteur on the question of torture, Mr. Nigel S. Rodley, and the
Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Mr. Bacre Waly Ndiaye, submitted pursuant to Commission on
Human Rights resolutions 1994/37 and 1994/82, E/CN.4/1995/111, 16 January 1995, para. 25. Available at: http://daccess-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G95/101/73/PDF/G9510173.pdf?OpenElement
21IACHR, Third Report on the Human Rights Situation in Colombia, Chapter IV. Violence and Violations of International Human
Rights and Humanitarian Law, para. 190.
22IACHR, Third Report on the Human Rights Situation in Colombia, Chapter IV. Violence and Violations of International Human
Rights and Humanitarian Law, para. 190.
23IACHR, Third Report on the Human Rights Situation in Colombia, Chapter IV. Violence and Violations of International Human
Rights and Humanitarian Law, para. 194.
24 IACHR, Third Report on the Human Rights Situation in Colombia, Chapter IV. Violence and Violations of International Human
Rights and Humanitarian Law, para. 200.
25IACHR, Third Report on the Human Rights Situation in Colombia, Chapter IV. Violence and Violations of International Human
Rights and Humanitarian Law, para. 202.