A. Social and family background of César Alberto Mendoza, Claudio David Núñez, Lucas Matías Mendoza, Saúl Cristian Roldán Cajal and Ricardo David Videla Fernández during their childhood 68. The social reports in the case file reveal that César Alberto Mendoza, Claudio David Núñez, Lucas Matías Mendoza, Saúl Cristian Roldán Cajal and Ricardo David Videla Fernández grew up in underprivileged neighborhoods, in conditions of considerable socioeconomic vulnerability and exclusion, with a lack of material resources that shaped their overall development. Most of them came from broken families, which resulted in flawed models for the development of their behavior and identity. Another pattern that was common to all of them was that they abandoned their primary and secondary studies before completing them and had their first contact with the criminal justice system at an early age, which meant that they spent much of their childhood, up until 18 years of age, in juvenile institutions. 69. César Alberto Mendoza was born on October 17, 1978, and lived in a crisis neighborhood with “Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN).” According to the social reports and the psychological report in the case file, his father abandoned the family home when César Alberto was four years old, and his mother had to raise him alone. Subsequently, his mother found a companion and also abandoned the home. The youth left school at a very early age, interrupting his studies. At the age of 12 he was arrested for the first time for an attempted robbery; at the age of 14 he began to use marihuana and was again arrested for attempted robbery and, as a result, was interned in the Manuel B. Rocca Juvenile Institution. From then on, he was interned in different juvenile institutions. 36 70. Claudio David Núñez was born on August 20, 1979, in Tucumán. When he was nine year old, his family moved to Buenos Aires, to the Ejército de los Andes neighborhood (known as Fuerte Apache) and he began to work in a bakery. According to the social report and the psychological report forwarded to the Court, Claudio David Núñez came into contact with the criminal justice system for the first time at the age of 14, when he was implicated in the murder of his father, who beat all the members of the family and who had raped one of his sisters. As of that time he was institutionalized in children’s homes. 37 71. Lucas Matías Mendoza was born on September 24, 1980, 38 and lived in the Ejército de los Andes neighborhood (“Fuerte Apache”), in the province of Buenos Aires. According to the social report presented to the Court, his father abandoned the family home when Lucas 36 Cf. Social report on Cesar Alberto Mendoza of November 30, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, tome XII, folio 6694). See, also, the Psychological Report on Cesar Alberto Mendoza prepared by the Manuel B. Rocca Institution on October 18, 1995 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, tome XII, folio 6677), and the Social report on Cesar Alberto Mendoza of August 13, 1995 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, tome XII, folios 6648 and 6649). 37 Cf. Social report on Claudio David Núñez of November 30, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, tome XII, folios 6769 and 6770). See, also, the Psychological Report prepared by the Agote Institution on March 11, 1997 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, tome XIII, folio 7178). 38 In the case file before the Court, different documents provided by the representatives, refer to two dates of birth for Lucas Matías Mendoza. On the one hand, the brief with pleadings, motions and evidence (merits file, tome I, folio 291), and the Social report of November 30, 2011 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, tome XII, folio 6933), establish September 4, 1980, as his date of birth; while, on the other hand, the Psychological report of the Agote Institution of July 7, 1997 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, tome XIII, folio 7151), the criminalistics technical report (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, tome XIII, folio 7331), the power of attorney of December 22, 2010 (file of annexes to the pleadings and motions brief, tome XI, folio 5695), and the testimony of Lucas Matías Mendoza before Court of Sentence Execution No. 2 (file of annexes before the Commission, annex 26, tome X, folio 5591) establish his date of birth as September 24, 1980. 25