3 application of the obligations erga omnes partes of protection already exist, and what is urgently need is to develop their legal regime, with special attention to the positive obligations and the juridical consequences of the violations of such obligations" (pars. 1314). 8. One ought to likewise keep in mind the general obligation of the States Parties to the American Convention to respect and to ensure respect for the norms of protection, in all circumstances (Article 1(1)). Such obligation is the common denominator between the American Convention and other human rights treaties10, as well as of International Humanitarian Law11, "capable of leading us to the consolidation of the obligations erga omnes of protection of the fundamental right to life, in any circumstances, in times both of peace and of internal armed conflict", - as I added in my Opinion referred to (par. 8) in the Las Palmeras case. 9. This common denominator, the general duty to respect, and to secure the exercise of, the protected rights12, is an element to "be taken into account for the consolidation of the opposability of obligations of protection to all the States Parties to such treaties, and in particular to the human rights treaties13, endowed with mechanisms of supervision of their own". This is, - I concluded, - a general obligation, which exists for all the States Parties inter se (in times of peace as well as of armed conflict), to secure the integrity and effectiveness of the Convention: "this general duty of protection (the collective guarantee) is of direct interest of each State Party, and of all of them jointly (obligation erga omnes partes)"14. 10. In effect, as I allowed myself to recall, in my Concurring Opinion in the Provisional Measures of Protection ordered by this Court in the case of the Haitians and Dominicans of Haitian Origin in the Dominican Republic (Resolution of 18.08.2000), already by the mid-sixties International Law, independently of a clear recognition or not Omnes Rules", 66 Nordic Journal of International Law (1997) pp. 234-235; M. Ragazzi, op. cit. infra n. (11), pp. 135 and 213. And, on the relationship between jus cogens and erga omnes obligations, cf., inter alia, M. Byers, op. cit. supra, pp. 211-239; A.J.J. de Hoogh, "The Relationship between Jus Cogens, Obligations Erga Omnes and International Crimes: Peremptory Norms in Perspective", 42 Austrian Journal of Public and International Law (1991) pp. 183-214. 10 . Cf., e.g., American Convention on Human Rights, Article 1(1); United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 2(1); United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 2(1). 11 . Cf. Article 1 common to the four Geneva Conventions on International Humanitarian Law of 1949, and Article 1 of the Additional Protocol of 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 1949. 12 . Paragraph 11 in my aforementioned Separate Opinion in the Las Palmeras case. 13 . As correctly pointed out the Institut de Droit International (I.D.I.), in a resolution adopted in the session of Santiago de Compostela of 1989, such obligation is applicable erga omnes, as each State has a legal interest in the safeguard of human rights (Article 1); I.D.I., 63 Annuaire de l'Institut de Droit International (1989)-II, pp. 286 and 288-289. 14 . Paragraph 12 of my Separate Opinion in the Las Palmeras case (Preliminary Objections, 2000). - And, on the meaning of the obligations erga omnes partes, opposable to all the States Parties to certain treaties or to a given community of States, cf. C. Annacker, "The Legal Regime of Erga Omnes Obligations in International Law", 46 Austrian Journal of Public and International Law (1994) p. 135; and cf. M. Ragazzi, The Concept of International Obligations Erga Omnes, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1997, pp. 201-202.