22
These restrictions on the principle of res judicata are applied with
special importance when the scope of a dismissal is concerned, since
this procedure is not related to a final judgment on the guilt or
innocence of a person, even though in some cases it is capable of
bringing a proceeding to a close.
45.
In the present case all the aforementioned circumstances are
present, taking into account the characteristics of the forced
disappearance of Mr. Bámaca Velásquez, the impunity described (supra
Considering Clauses 19 through 31), and the extreme negligence in
complying with that ordered by the Court. It should be manifested that
the dismissal occurred in 1999, even though not it was not reported at
that time to the Court, but rather prior to the decisions issued by the
Tribunal in 2000 and 2002. In those decisions the Court verified that the
recourses that had been promoted were not effective, in part, because
high-level State agents prevented some actions from having positive
results (supra Considering Clause 20). Likewise, the special prosecutor
that promoted the case at the time was subject to threats, harassments,
and attacks (supra Considering Clause 19). Additionally, despite the
availability of accurate information from different witnesses regarding
the participation of some soldiers in the forced disappearance of Mr.
Bámaca Velásquez, including accusations against Colonel Alpírez,39 there
was no evidence in the case file to show that a detailed investigation
had been carried out against said soldiers (supra Considering Clause
19).
46.
Besides these evident violations in the investigation, in its
Judgment on Merits of 2000, the Tribunal “attribute[d] a high
evidentiary value to the testimonial evidence in proceedings of this
nature, that is to say, within the context and circumstances of forced
disappearance cases —and all the difficulties that they produce— in
which the main source of evidence is basically referential testimonies
and circumstantial evidence due to the nature of this crime.”40 The Court
considered that it had been proven that, “at the time of the facts of this
case, the Army carried out an exercise in which it captured the members
of the guerrilla, secretly detained them without informing the
competent, independent, and impartial judicial authority, and physically
and psychologically tortured them in order to obtain information, and,
47.
39
Cf. Testimonies of Santiago Cabrera López, Jennifer Harbury, and other deponents mentioned in the
Judgment on Merits in the present case, supra note 11, which refer to Mr. Alpírez.
40
Cf. Case of Bámaca Velásquez v. Guatemala, supra note 11, para. 131.