I INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE AND CAUSE OF THE ACTION 1. The case submitted to the Court. On June 4, 2021, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (hereinafter “the Inter-American Commission or “the Commission”) submitted to the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court the case of “Crissthian Manuel Olivera Fuentes against Peru” (hereinafter “the State” or “Peru”). According to the Commission, the case concerns the alleged international responsibility of the State for the violation of the rights to equality and non-discrimination, privacy, judicial guarantees and judicial protection, to the detriment of Crissthian Manuel Olivera Fuentes, due to alleged discrimination against him based on the expression of his sexual orientation. 2. Procedure before the Commission. The procedure before the Commission was as follows: a) Petition. On November 29, 2011, the organization Estudio para la Defensa de los Derechos de la Mujer (DEMUS) (Study for the Defense of Women’s Rights) lodged the initial petition before the Commission. b) Report on Admissibility. On December 28, 2017, the Commission adopted Admissibility Report No. 172/17, in which it concluded that the petition was admissible. 1 c) Merits Report. On October 29, 2020, the Commission adopted Merits Report No. 304/20, pursuant to Article 50 of the Convention (hereinafter “the Merits Report” or “Report No. 340/20”), in which it reached certain conclusions 2 and made several recommendations to the State. d) Notification to the State. On December 4, 2020, the Commission notified the Merits Report to the State, granting it two months to report on its compliance with the recommendations. After the Commission had agreed to an extension, on May 23, 2021, the State requested a second extension. Upon assessing this request, the Commission noted that, six months after having notified the Merits Report, there had been no real progress in compliance with the recommendations, and the State had not expressed its position on the report’s conclusions and recommendations, nor had it contacted the victim or his representatives. 3. Submission to the Court. On June 4, 2021, the Commission submitted to the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court all the facts and human rights violations described in the Merits Report “given the need to obtain justice and reparation.” 3 1 The report was notified to the parties on February 23, 2018. 2 The Commission concluded that the State was internationally responsible for the violation of the rights established in Articles 8(1) (judicial guarantees), 11 (privacy), 24 (equality before the law) and 25(1) (judicial protection) of the American Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter “the American Convention”), in relation to the obligations established in Article 1(1) of the same instrument. 3 The Commission appointed Commissioner Edgar Stuardo Ralón Orellana Panszi as its delegate before the Court. It also appointed the then Assistant Executive Secretary, Marisol Blanchard Vera, and the then lawyers of the Commission’s Executive Secretariat, Jorge Meza Flores and Christian González Chacón as its 4