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the land had gone to private hands,” and added that the issue under consideration
had not been expressed in “any of the facts on which the witnesses and expert
witnesses were proposed, [therefore] it [did] not have any accurate information.”
Consequently, the Court deemed it suitable to request the State and the
representatives to submit information, in their briefs on closing arguments, on the
current status of the lands of the community Las Dos Erres, as well as the decision
and actions pursued by the State to return the lands to the alleged victims.
220. On August 18, 2009, both the representatives and the State submitted the
requested information to the Court. In this regard, the State indicated that there are
“certain records showing the names of some of the victims of the massacre, who do
not appear as grantees and/or owners of any plot; since […] there are only request
records[,] but the records do not show that any payments were made for [the]
lands.” It added that the representatives did not resort to “the domestic jurisdiction
in any process of vindication of the property [and that] they did not include it either
[…] in any point of the Friendly Settlement Agreement[, but that] it is recorded that
in the economic reparations granted the material losses were include[d].” Lastly, it
indicated that the ownership of the lands has not been an issue in the proceeding
before the Court, since neither the Commission nor the representatives requested a
declaration of the violation of the related Article of the Convention.
221.
The representatives indicated that since the community was destroyed, the
survivors and their families ran away for fear of new acts of violence and retaliations,
and that according to what was expressed by expert witness Nieves Gomez, the
majority of the survivors live outside of the Department of Petén. They added that in
1994 they tried to collect information on what had happened to the lands, and
according to testimonies given by the relatives, many inhabitants had made
contributions according to the agreement for the establishment of a basis (convenio
de fijación de base), but the scarce documents that currently exist were held by the
relatives or survivors that lived in the outskirts of the community. They indicated that
“there are references that the lands where the Las Dos Erres community used to be
are ‘a farm of a sole owner’ and that it belongs to one of the richest families [of]
Petén.” Finally, they indicated that the State has “not taken measures to investigate
[…] what happened to the lands” and even that “the State institutions have denied
the existence of the community.” The Commission did not make any considerations
in this regard.
222. The Court observes that the facts indicated in the application, which constitute
the factual background of the instant case, refer to the facts that affected real estate
assets property of the inhabitants of the Las Dos Erres community. In this regard,
the application, as well as the Report on Admissibility and Merits No. 22/08 of the
Commission, only indicate that “[t]he soldiers in charge took everything they found:
household items, animals, grains, among other. […] The next day the soldiers and
patrollers burned down the houses of Las Dos Erres.” In this regard, the Court
indicates that although there were infringements to the right to property of the
inhabitants of the Las Dos Erres Community in the context of the Massacre, the Court
lacks jurisdiction to adjudge on the alleged violation, given that they occurred prior
to the recognition of its jurisdiction, and do not constitute continued violations which
would allow it to rule in that regard.
XI
REPARATIONS
(Application of Article 63(1) of the American Convention)
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