4
natural food and had to take artificial food.”9 Human suffering passes from
generation to generation, from the beginning to the end of life. As already predicted
by the Ecclesiastes,
"… and behold, the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no
comforter, and on the side of their oppressors there was power, but they had no
comforter" (4,1).
12.
Sophocles sensed it well, in the verses of Antigone and also of Oedipus the
King: the first stated that
"Thrice happy are they who have
never known disaster!
Once a house is shaken of heaven, disaster
Never leaves it, from generation to generation. (...)
Then pray no more; from suffering that has been
Decreed no man will ever find escape."10
And the second inquired:
"Has any man won for himself
More than the shadow of happiness,
A shadow that swiftly fades away?"11
13.
As noted by Edgar Morin in the 20th Century, the history of human culture
itself is built on acts of cruelty, not there being a single testimony of culture which is
not of barbaric acts. 12 Which led him to add that:
"Como la propia vida, el hombre se desenvuelve en el azar, contiene el azar en
si mismo, está hecho para encontrarse con el azar, combatirlo, domesticarlo, escapar a
él, fecundarlo, jugar con él, correr el riesgo que supone, aprovechar las oportunidades...
(...) La vida está siempre al borde del desastre. La muerte está en el universo
físico-químico en el que la vida corre constantemente el riesgo de perecer, pero en el
que se ha formado, tejido, desarrollado. La muerte está en la indeterminación microfísica, pero indeterminación que al mismo tiempo está en la fuente de las mutaciones y
las creaciones, de toda creación. La mutación, fuente de la muerte, es también fuente
de la vida. Lo desordenado, ese caos subterráneo y permanente, es a la vez lo que crea
y lo que destruye.
(...) La muerte, para el hombre, está en el tejido del mundo, de su ser, de su
espíritu, de su pasado, de su futuro".
14.
However, even deprived of happiness and abandoned to fate (as, in this case
before this Court was Mr. Damião Ximenes-Lopes, who, entrusted to social “services”
in a “resting” home, there he found violent death), the human being cannot give up
the fight for justice, as long as he maintains the capacity of indignation. On the other
hand, he shall be deprived not only of happiness, but also of the search for the sense
of life, although brief and ephemeral. Another lesson that can be extracted from
Electra (and also, I add, from the reaction of Irene Ximenes-Lopes), is that “life is
much more comfortable when submitted to the worst injustice and if it is forgotten
9
.
10
Ibid., p. [9].
.
Verses 584-587 and 1335-1337.
.
Verses 1189-1191. - Texts in: Sophocles, Antigone - Oedipus the King, Electra, Oxford,
University Press, 1998 [reed. Oxford World's Classics].
11
12
.
E. Morin, El Hombre y la Muerte (1970), 4th edition, Barcelona, Ed. Kairós, 2003 [reed.], p. 53.