109
facts, Peru stated, inter alia, that “they cannot be hidden, the pain cannot be hidden,
[…] those injured cannot be hidden, the pain of the victims’ next of kin cannot be
hidden.” (supra para. 135)
268. However, due to the gross circumstances in which the facts occurred and that
Peru did not acknowledge the events following May 9, 1992 (supra para. 152), the
Tribunal considers it convenient to analyze the violation to Article 5 of the
Convention.
269. As indicated by the Court (supra para. 227), in the analysis of the present
chapter the elements that determine the seriousness of the facts of this case will be
taken into consideration.
270. Likewise, it is important to point out that, in one of its reports, the Obudsman
of the People of Peru concluded that the involvement of women in the armed conflict
changed the perception of women and caused “a more cruel and violent treatment
regarding those women considered ‘suspects’.”148 It has already been proven in this
case that the attack started specifically in the prison’s pavilion occupied by the
female inmates accused or convicted of crimes of terrorism and treason (supra para.
197(13) and 197(20)).
271. This Tribunal has indicated that torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading
punishment or treatment are strictly prohibited by international human rights law.
The absolute prohibition of torture, both physical and mental, is currently part of the
international jus cogens. Said prohibition subsists even under the most difficult
circumstances, such as war, threat of war, the fight against terrorism and any other
crimes, martial law or a state of emergency, civil commotion or conflict, suspension
of constitutional guarantees, internal political instability or other public emergencies
or catastrophes.149
272. Likewise, it has acknowledged that the threats and real danger of submitting
a person to physical injuries produces, in certain circumstances, a moral anguish of
such degree that it may be considered psychological torture.150
273. The Court has established that the State is responsible, in its condition of
guarantor of the rights enshrined in the Convention, of the observance of the right to
humane treatment of any individual under its custody.151 It is possible to consider
the State responsible for the tortures, cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatments
suffered by a person under the custody of state agents, if the authorities have not
carried out a serious investigation of the facts followed by the prosecution of
148
Cfr. Obudsman of the People of Peru. Defense Report No. 80, Political Violence in Peru: 19801996, page 33.
149
Cfr. Case of Baldeón García, supra note 21, para. 117; Case of García Asto and Ramírez Rojas,
supra note 122, para. 222; and Case of Caesar. Judgment of March 11, 2005. Series C No. 123, para. 59.
150
Cfr. Case of Baldeón García, supra note 21, para. 119; Case of Tibi. Judgment of September 7,
2004. Series C No. 114, para. 147; and Case of Maritza Urrutia. Judgment of November 27, 2003. Series
C No. 103, para. 92.
151
Cfr. Case of Ximenes Lopes, supra note 3, para. 138; Case of Baldeón García, supra note 21,
para. 120; and Case of López Álvarez, supra note 146, paras. 104 to 106.