27. On the morning of April 29, 1982,42 guerrillas entered the village and summoned the community to assemble on the soccer field.43 According to the report of the CEH, the rebels then carried out an “execution.”44 They brought Juan Carlos Calderón from his house and accused him of working with the Army; they also brought out the Military Commissioner, Manuel Galdámez. They killed both men and dumped their bodies on the west side of the community.45 Later that day, in the afternoon, there was gunfire lasting three or four hours in El Silencio. Afterwards, the army surrounded the village of Los Josefinos to prevent any of its inhabitants from leaving.46 28. At around 1:00 a.m. a barrage of gunfire erupted in Los Josefinos and lasted approximately one hour; from a distance one could hear the gunshots and see the flames of the burning houses.47 Those who were in the village described how the soldiers entered the hamlet at around 12:30 a.m. on April 13, 1982, first killing the members of the patrol who were on the street,48 including, at least, Santiago Colón Carau, Faustino López López, Rigoberto Hernández de la Cruz, Pedro Tumux Tiño and another patrol member known as“Beto”; only one of the patrol members managed to escape.49 As the CEH mentioned, the massacre at Los Josefinos was framed within a context of actions intended, not only to instill terror, but also to punish any communities perceived as supporting the guerrillas and any PACs or military commissioners who failed to provide “effective and timely collaboration in the counterinsurgency struggle.”50 29. Guatemalan army personnel burned the homesteads and used their firearms to execute anyone who was in the homes.51 Men, women, and children were cut down by gunfire from army personnel52 or burned to death.53 Witnesses to the events described how the soldiers wearing camouflage fatigues went into the homes to make certain there were no survivors and shot to death whole families who were defenseless and unarmed.54 Annex 04, Minute No. 11-2003 of the meeting of the Committee of Internally Displaced Persons of Los Josefinos of August 9, 2003, a copy of which was legalized by a notary public on August 22, 2003 (hereinafter “Minutes of Los Josefinos Displaced Persons Committee”), p. 1. See also Annex 01. Notarized declaration of César Armando Palencia Muralles, p. 1, which say(s) that the events occurred on April 29, 1982; Annex 02. Notarized declaration of Antonio Ajanel Ortiz, p. 1, which says that the events occurred on April 28, but clarified that it was a Thursday, which corresponds to April 29, 1982. 43 Annex 04, Minutes of Los Josefinos Displaced Persons Committee, p. 1. See also Declaration given by Victor Samuel Verduo Lopez in the presence of the District Prosecutor of Petén, on October 12, 2006. Annex 05, Criminal case file C-805-96, p. 354; Declaration given by Maria Luisa Mejía in the presence of the Assistant Prosecutor, on January 25, 2007, p. 2. Annex 05, Criminal case file C-805-96, p. 357; Declaration given by Antonio Ajanel Ortiz Mejía in the presence of the Assistant Prosecutor, on January 25, 2007, p. 1. Annex 05, Criminal case file C805-96, p. 359; Declaration given by Otilio Garcia Sarmeño Mejía in the presence of the Assistant Prosecutor, on January 25, 2007 (hereinafter “Declaration of Otilio Garcia Sarmeño”), p. 1. Annex 05, Criminal case file C-805-96, p. 369. 44 CEH, Guatemala: Memory of Silence, p. 1307, par. 3693. 45 Annex 04. Minutes of Los Josefinos Displaced Persons Committee, p. 1. 46 Annex 01. Notarized declaration of César Armando Palencia Muralles, p. 2. See also Annex 06. Declaration given by Roberto Estrada Marroquín in January 1996 (hereinafter “Declaration of Roberto Estrada Marroquín”), p. 2. 47 Testimony of Samuel Bracamonte, former Deputy Mayor of Los Josefinos, to the District Prosecutor of the Public Prosecution Service on July 29, 1996 (hereinafter “Testimony of Samuel Bracamonte”). See Annex 05, Criminal case file C-805-96, p. 36, lines 16-22. See also: Annex 04, Minutes of Los Josefinos Displaced Persons Committee. 48 Annex 01. Notarized declaration of César Armando Palencia Muralles, p. 2; Annex 02. Notarized declaration of Antonio Ajanel Ortiz, p. 1; Annex 06. Declaration of Roberto Estrada Marroquín, p. 2. 49 Annex 01. Notarized declaration of César Armando Palencia Muralles, p. 2; Testimony of Raymundo López, Annex 05, Criminal case file C-805-96, p. 351. 50 CEH, Guatemala: Memory of Silence, p. 3152. 51 Annex 04. Minutes of Los Josefinos Displaced Persons Committee, p. 2; Annex 01. Notarized declaration of César Armando Palencia Muralles, p. 2; CEH, Guatemala: Memory of Silence, pp. 358-359, pars. 808-811. 52 Information provided by Samuel Bracamonte, former Deputy Mayor of Los Josefinos, to Raúl Armando Ramírez Hernández, Justice of the Peace, on March 15, 1996, during the exhumation requested by FAMDEGUA at the village of Los Josefinos (hereinafter “Information from Samuel Bracamonte”). See Annex 05, Criminal case file C-805-96, p. 9, lines 19-21. See also Forensic Report, Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Team, March 25, 1996. See Annex 05, Criminal case file C-805-96, pp. 26-27, and Annex 07, Forensic Anthropology Report, Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Team, June 1996, (hereinafter “Forensic Report, June 1996”), p. 9, which records the various projectiles found in the exhumation of the remains and their location on the different skeletons recovered; Annex 01. Notarized declaration of César Armando Palencia Muralles, p. 3. 53 Declaration of Otilio Garcia Sarmeño, p. 2. Annex 05, Criminal case file C-805-96, p. 369; Declaration given by Raimundo López Gualip in the presence of the Assistant Prosecutor, on January 25, 2007, p. 2. Annex 05, Criminal case file C-805-96, p. 372. 54 Annex 08. Declaration given by César Armando Catalán (Palencia) Muralles in January 1996 (hereinafter “Declaration of César Armando Catalán (Palencia) Muralles”), p. 2, and Annex 01. Notarized declaration of César Armando Palencia Muralles, pp. 2-3, who described in detail how his father, Francisco Catalán; mother, María Inés Muralles; and siblings, Edwin Rolando, Rony Amilcar, and Olga Marina Catalán Muralles were murdered by Army personnel. Annex 02. Notarized declaration of Antonio Ajanel Ortiz, pp. 1-2, who described how soldiers 42 8