98. Within the framework of public international law, there are 19 international instruments related to the fight against terrorism55. Some of them refer to civil aviation, international protection of diplomatic agents, hostage-taking, protection of nuclear material, maritime navigation, explosive materials, terrorist bombing, financing of terrorism, and nuclear terrorism. The set of instruments includes provisions that require States parties to cooperate in the prevention of terrorist crimes and mutual legal assistance in criminal proceedings related to terrorist crimes; that terrorist crimes are included among extraditable crimes in all extradition treaties between States parties and that obligate States parties not to consider certain terrorist crimes as political crimes, crimes related to a political crime, or crimes inspired by political motives, to the effects of extradition56. 99. The United Nations General Assembly has issued resolutions on measures to eliminate international terrorism57. Specifically, the United Nations General Assembly issued Resolution A/RES/51/210 of January 16, 1997, on measures to eliminate international terrorism58. Said resolution indicates in its second paragraph that “criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes [which] are in any circumstances unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be used to justify them”. 100. In turn, the Security Council has issued several Resolutions on the matter. Specifically, in the year 2001, Resolution 1373 was approved; Resolution 2178 was approved in 2014; and Resolution 2396 was approved in 2017. All of them expand on prevention, investigation, and international cooperation measures, considering that terrorism is a threat to international peace and security. On September 8, 2006, the United Nations General Assembly approved the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, whose Plan of Action includes measures related to the duty of States to prevent the occurrence of terrorist attacks59. 101. On the other hand, within the United Nations, the reports of the United Nations Rapporteurs on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the fight against terrorism have established various guidelines for States. In his 2012 Report, the Special Rapporteur, Ben Emmerson stated that “the duty of the State to defend national security and its obligation to ensure the protection of the human rights of those under its jurisdiction constitute a series of complementary, simultaneous, and mutually reinforcing obligations”60. 102. At the regional level there are also several instruments. On February 2, 1971, the General Assembly of the OAS approved the Convention to prevent and punish the acts of terrorism taking the form of crimes against United Nations. National Security Council. Committee against Terrorism. See: https://www.un.org/sc/ctc/resources/internationallegal-instruments/ 56 IACHR, Report on Terrorism and Human Rights. October 22, 2002. Chapter II A, para. 33. 57 United Nations. General Assembly. Measures to eliminate international terrorism. A/RES/49/60. February 17, 1995; and A/RES/51/210 of January 16, 1997. 58 United Nations. General Assembly. Measures to eliminate international terrorism. A/RES/51/210 of January 16, 1997. 59 The Strategy begins by outlining general measures to address the conditions that promote the spread of terrorism. It then ref ers to measures to prevent and combat terrorism, among which are, among others: “[to] ensure that the perpetrators of terrorist acts are arrested and prosecuted or extradited, in accordance with the relevant provisions of national and international law, in particular hum an rights law, refugee law, and international humanitarian law”; “[I]ntensify efforts at the national level and bila teral, subregional, regional, and international cooperation, as appropriate, to improve border and customs controls in order to prevent and detect the movement of terrorists, and prevent and detect the illicit trafficking of, among other things, small arms and light weapons, conventional ammunition and explosives, and nuclear, chemical, biological, or radiological weapons and materials […]”, as well as “[i]ntensify activities and cooperation at all levels, as appropriate, to improve the security of the manufacture and issuance of identity and travel documents, and prevent and detect their alteration or fraudulent use, while recognizing that the States may need assistance to do so”. In ad dition, it includes “[i]ntensifying all activities aimed at improving the security and protection of particularly vulnerable targets, such as infrastructure and public places, as well as the response to terrorist attacks and other disasters, particularly in the sphere of civil protecti on, while recognizing that States may need assistance for this purpose”. United Nations. General Assembly. United Nations global strategy against terrorism. Resolution approved on September 8, 2006. A/RES/60/288. 60 United Nations. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, Ben Emmerson. Framework principles for ensuring the human rights of victims of terrorism*. June 4, 2012 . A/HRC/20/14, para. 18. 55 19