43 Convention.”81 Impunity must be attacked using all legal means available, considering the need to seek justice in the specific case and also the fact that impunity fosters the chronic repetition of human rights violations and renders victims completely defenseless.82 154. In the instant case, impunity has not been complete since corporal 2nd class López-Insfrán was prosecuted and found guilty of “wrongful homicide” (supra para. 71(22)). However, the State did not carry out an investigation to know if the child suffered acts of torture or other illegal treatment. 155. In this regard, the Court restates the obligation of the State of Paraguay to adopt, within a reasonable time, all measures necessary to identify, impose liability upon and punish the perpetrators of the violations committed in the instant case as regards to criminal proceedings and any other matters resulting from the investigation of the events. To that effect, the State must adopt the judicial and administrative measures necessary to reopen the investigation of the facts of the instant case. Said investigation must refer to the facts related to the alleged torture of the minor Vargas-Areco. The relatives of Gerardo Vargas-Areco or their representatives must have full access and capacity to act at all stages and instances of the corresponding proceedings, pursuant to domestic legislation and the American Convention,83 releasing the child’s relatives from the burden to expedite proceedings. Furthermore, the State must guarantee effective compliance with the decision made in the domestic jurisdiction to fulfill this obligation. 156. As regards to this obligation, it should be noted that as repeatedly established in the Court’s precedents,84 pursuant to international law, no domestic law or regulation may prevent a State from fulfilling its duty, declared by the Court, to investigate and punish the perpetrators of human rights violations such as those committed in the instant case. b) Plaque to commemorate Gerardo Vargas-Areco and public acknowledgement of international liability, public apology and redress 157. As stated in prior instances (supra para. 65), the Court values and appreciates the acknowledgment made by the State of Paraguay (supra para. 20, 21, 30, 33 and 40 to 64), the request for forgiveness addressed to the relatives of Gerardo Vargas-Areco by the State during the public hearing in the instant case (supra para. 46) and the public acknowledgement of international liability made by the State on June 21, 2006, at the headquarters of the National Chancery. 81 Cf. Case of Montero-Aranguren et al. (Detention Center of Catia), supra note 4, para. 137; and Case of the Ituango Massacres, supra note 3, para. 299; Case of Baldeón-García, supra note 3, para. 195. 82 Cf. Case of Montero-Aranguren et al. (Detention Center of Catia), supra note 4, para. 137; and Case of the Ituango Massacres, supra note 3, para. 299; Case of Baldeón-García, supra note 3, para. 168 and 195. 83 Cf. Case of Montero-Aranguren et al. (Detention Center of Catia), supra note 4, para. 139; and Case of the Ituango Massacres, supra note 3, para. 339; Case of Baldeón-García, supra note 3, para. 199. 84 Cf. Case of Montero-Aranguren et al. (Detention Center of Catia), supra note 4, para. 141; and Case of the Ituango Massacres, supra note 3, para. 402; Case of Baldeón-García, supra note 3, para. 201.