2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE AND PURPOSE OF THE DISPUTE ................................. 5 II PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT ......................................................................... 6 III COMPETENCE ........................................................................................................ 8 IV PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS ................................................................................... 8 A) Preliminary objection of lack of competence ratione materiae with regard to Article 7 of the Convention of Belém do Pará ........................................................... 8 A.1. Arguments of the parties and of the Commission .................................................... 8 A.2. Considerations of the Court .................................................................................. 9 B) Preliminary objection of lack of competence ratione temporis with regard to Article 7 of the Convention of Belém do Pará ........................................................... 9 B.1. Arguments of the parties and of the Commission .................................................... 9 B.2. Considerations of the Court ................................................................................ 10 V PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................... 11 A) Determination of the presumed victims in this case ............................................... 11 A.1. Arguments of the Commission and of the parties .................................................. 11 A.2. Considerations of the Court ................................................................................ 11 B) Factual framework of the case................................................................................ 11 B.1. Arguments of the Commission and of the parties .................................................. 11 B.2. Considerations of the Court ................................................................................ 12 VI EVIDENCE ............................................................................................................ 13 A) Documentary, testimonial and expert evidence ..................................................... 13 B) Admission of the evidence ...................................................................................... 13 C) Assessment of the evidence ................................................................................... 15 VII FACTS ................................................................................................................. 15 A) Context in which the facts of the case occurred ..................................................... 15 A.1. The conflict in Peru ............................................................................................ 17 A.2. The states of emergency, the anti-terrorism laws, and also the coup d’état of April 5, 1992 ...................................................................................................................... 17 A.3. The practice of detentions, torture, and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment at the time of the facts ................................................................................................. 19 A.4. The practice of rape and other forms of sexual violence against women at the time of the facts.................................................................................................................. 21 A.5 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 22 B) The proven facts concerning Gladys Carol Espinoza Gonzáles ................................ 23 B.1. The arrest of Gladys Carol Espinoza Gonzáles and the time she spent at the headquarters of the DIVISE and the DINCOTE............................................................. 23 B.2. The transfer to different prisons and her continuing incarceration ........................... 26 B.3. The alleged acts of violence, in particular sexual violence, perpetrated against Gladys Espinoza ................................................................................................................. 27 B.4. Investigation into the alleged acts of violence, in particular sexual violence, perpetrated against Gladys Carol Espinoza Gonzáles (Third Supra-provincial Criminal Prosecutor, Case file No. 08-2012) ............................................................................. 28