g) As a result of the prolonged delays in implementing or expanding procedures,
some evidentiary material could not be collected or was lost owing to the passage
of time. In this regard, the photographs of the corpse of Eduardo Landaeta could
not be handed over, because the roll of film had become hazy and there was no
information on the hospital records of FABP, 351 the agent who had been injured
during the transfer of Eduardo Landaeta, because these were destroyed after five
years (supra para. 106). This reveals flaws in the chain of custody of the
evidence, as well as its protection, even though the authorities should take
reasonable measures to ensure and preserve the necessary evidentiary material
to contribute to the success of the investigation and the criminal proceedings. 352
260. The Court underlines that these omissions were recognized by the Superior
Prosecutor, because after the No. 4 Criminal Oversight Court of First Instance decided to
deny the request for a dismissal of the case 353 by the Transitory Prosecutor because all
the investigation procedures had not been concluded (supra para. 107), he forwarded
the case to another prosecutor on July 13, 2005, considering that omissions existed that
could preclude the punishment of those responsible (supra para. 108).
261. It is based on the foregoing that the Court has assessed the actions taken by the
Venezuelan State, through its prosecution services, especially after 2004, in order to
clarify the incident. Moreover, the Court reiterates that “[t]he negligence of the judicial
authorities responsible for […] the opportune collection of evidence […], cannot be
rectified [in most cases] by belated probative procedures during the investigations,
[because] the inadequacies indicated can be categorized as serious breaches of the duty
to investigate the events that occurred,” 354 so that such procedures must be carried out
adequately and immediately, because in that way the State may obtain optimal
information and this would improve the results of the investigation, by providing reliable
data. In this regard, the Court finds that, in this specific case, the procedures carried out
between 2004 and 2008, took place from 8 to 12 years after the events in December
1996, and therefore the State incurred in a lack of due diligence.
262. Similarly, in relation to the irregularities in the criminal proceedings, the Court
notes that, on December 16, 2011, the First Instance Court handed down a judgment
acquitting the three accused after examining the evidence. This was because their
responsibility had not been proved (supra para. 115), following a series of reschedulings
of the court hearing (infra para. 266) and even though the prosecutor of the Transitory
Procedural Regime had presented an indictment arguing that the police agents had
simulated having been intercepted by four individuals during the transfer, since this
could not be true according to the evidence and that, given the number of bullets that
entered the victim, his death could not have occurred inside the vehicle as the agents
had indicated. 355 In consequence, the Fifteenth Prosecutor filed a remedy of appeal
(supra para. 115) and, on December 30 that year, the Appellate Court decided to annul
351
An example of the ignorance of the facts of the case was revealed when the Transitory Prosecutor sent a
request to the Maracay Medical Center on November 7, 2005, requesting information on the medical attention
provided by Dr. “FABP,” who, in fact, was one of the accused in the criminal proceedings regarding the death of
Eduardo Landaeta. Cf. Note No. 05-FT-MCAL-18397-05 issued by the prosecutor of the Public Prosecution
Service for the Transitory Procedural Regime on November 7, 2005 (annexes to the answering brief, folio
7796).
352
Cf. Case of González et al. (“Cotton Field”), supra, para. 301, and Case of Luna López, supra, para. 164.
Cf. Minnesota Protocol, supra.
353
In July 2004, the Transitory Prosecutor requested the dismissal of the case based on the absence of
sufficient evidence to indict the three police agents for perpetrating the offense of aggravated homicide in the
case of the death of Eduardo Landaeta (supra para.107).
354
Cf. Case of the “Mapiripán Massacre” v. Colombia. Judgment of September 15, 2005. Series C No. 134,
para. 228, and Case of Veliz Franco et al., supra, paras. 197 and 198.
355
Cf. Indictment of the prosecutor of December 15, 2008 (annexes to the answering brief, folio 8128).
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