68 teachers and was inadequately funded.77 This drastically limited the inmates’ opportunity to pursue even elementary studies78 and/or learn trades.79 The guards at the Center 134.13 The Center did not have a sufficient number of guards for the Center’s inmate population.80 134.14 The guards were not properly trained in the protection of children deprived of their liberty and were not taught the techniques of responding to emergency situations.81 134.15 Frequently, the guards at the Center resorted to the use of cruel and brutal punishment to discipline the inmate population.82 77 Cf. expert testimony given by Mr. Mario Torres before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights at the public hearing held on May 3, 2004; Amnesty International article titled: “Panchito López Juvenile Detention Centre: An opportunity for the Government of Paraguay to meet its promises” AI Index: AMR 45/004/2001, April 2001 (file of appendixes to the application, appendix 21, folio 330); excerpt from the book titled “Casas de Violencia. Situación carcelaria en el Paraguay”, written by Jorge Rolón Luna (file of appendixes to the brief of preliminary objections, answer to the application and observations on the pleadings and motions, appendix 41, volume IV, folio 1598). 78 Cf. document titled “ ‘Col. Panchito López’ Juvenile Reeducation Institute [...] 1998 Report” (file of appendixes to the brief of preliminary objections, pleadings and motions, appendix 13, volume I, folio 287). 79 Cf. April 26, 2002, communication from the State to the Inter-American Commission (file of appendixes to the application, appendix 4, folios 123-124); April 26, 2002, communication from the State to the Inter-American Commission (file of appendixes to the application, appendix 4, folio 124). 80 Cf. Report of July 21, 1999, prepared by the Office of the Director General of Penal Institutions in Paraguay, concerning penal institutions in Paraguay (file of appendixes to the application, appendix 1-A, folio 17); and April 26, 2002 communication from the State to the Inter-American Commission (file of appendixes to the application, appendix 4, folio 124). 81 Cf. testimony given by Ms. Mirtha Isabel Herreras Fleitas at the Office of the Chief Government Notary of the Republic of Paraguay, March 23, 2004 (file of written statements supplied by the State, the Inter-American Commission and the alleged victims’ representatives, State’s appendix, folio 70); Report of July 21, 1999, prepared by the Office of the Director General of Penal Institutions in Paraguay, concerning penal institutions in Paraguay (file of appendixes to the application, appendix 1-A, folio 17); and March 6, 2000 record of the appearance of Mr. Luis Alberto Barreto Ayala, security guard in charge of the inmates at the ‘Panchito López’ Center, before the Fourth Criminal Trial and Sentencing Court (file of appendixes to the application, appendix 27, folio 416). 82 Cf. testimony given by young Clemente Luis Escobar González in the presence of a person with legal authority to authenticate documents, March 30, 2004 (file of written statements supplied by the State, the Inter-American Commission and the alleged victims’ representatives, representatives’ appendix, folio 235); testimony given by Ms. Dirma Monserrat Peña in the presence of a person with legal authority to authenticate documents, March 30, 2004 (file of written statements supplied by the State, the InterAmerican Commission and the alleged victims’ representatives, representatives’ appendix, folios 225229); testimony given by Ms. María Teresa de Jesús Pérez in the presence of a person with legal authority to authenticate documents, March 30, 2004 (file of written statements supplied by the State, the InterAmerican Commission and the alleged victims’ representatives, representatives’ appendix, folios 253254); testimony given by young Francisco Ramón Adorno in the presence of a person with legal authority to authenticate documents, March 26, 2004 (file of written statements supplied by the State, the InterAmerican Commission and the alleged victims’ representatives, Commission appendix, folio 184); testimony given by young Osmar López Verón in the presence of a person with legal authority to authenticate documents, March 26, 2004 (file of written statements supplied by the State, the InterAmerican Commission and the alleged victims’ representatives, Commission appendix, folio 191); testimony given by Ms. Teofista Domínguez before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights at the public hearing held on May 3, 2004; testimony given by Ms. Felipa Venicia Valdez before the Inter-American