13
complaints filed at the domestic level and the poor judicial activity in the investigations are
elements of the merits of the case subjected to the Court’s consideration; therefore any
discussion related to that issue must be addressed as part of the merits of the case.
42.
The Court has already developed clear guidelines for the analysis of an objection
regarding an alleged failure of exhaustion of domestic remedies.27 This rule must be
analyzed considering the formal and material conditions, established in Articles 46 and 47 of
the American Convention and in the pertinent regulatory provisions of the Inter-American
system that reinforces complements and contributes to the protection offered by the
domestic legislation of States Party. As to the formal conditions, considering that this
objection is a defense available to the State, the mere procedural issues should be verified,
such as the procedural moment the objection was filed (whether it was timely alleged); the
facts on which the objection is based and whether the interested party has alleged that the
decision on admissibility was based on mistaken information or has been prevented from
exercising the right to defense. Regarding the material conditions, the Court shall verify
whether the domestic remedies have been filed and exhausted according to the generally
known principled of International Law: in particular, whether the State filing this objection
has specified the domestic remedies that remain to be exhausted and also the State must
demonstrate that such remedies were at the victim’s disposal and were appropriate, suitable
and effective. Considering that this is a question of the admissibility of a petition before the
Inter-American system, the conditions of this rule need to be verified insofar as it is alleged,
even though the analysis of the formal requisites takes precedence over the material
conditions and, on certain occasions, the latter are related to the merits of the case.28
43.
In the instant case, as is evident from the case file of the processing of the petition
before the Commission, on June 27, 2003 the Commission received the initial petition and
on July 3, 2003, it acknowledged receipt to the petitioners and registered it under number
487-03. Then, on August 19, 2003 the Commission forwarded the copy of the petition to the
State for the State to submit its response within 60 days, under the terms of Article 30.3 of
the Rules of Procedure of the Commission. There is no record indicating that the
Commission would have extended such term. The Report on Admissibility Nº 7/04 was
adopted by the Commission on February 27, 2004 and it was notified to the State on March
11, that same year, moment in which the Commission informed the State that the petition
was registered under case number 12.442, invited the State to submit the observations on
the merits within the term of two months and invited the parties to reach a friendly
settlement. Nevertheless, as affirmed by the State itself, the State would have sent the first
communication to the Commission on July 25, 2005 during the processing of the merits of
27
Cf. Case of Velásquez Rodríguez v. Honduras. Preliminary Objections. Judgment of June 26, 1987. Series
C No. 1, para. 88; Case of Nogueira de Carvalho et al. v. Brasil. Preliminary Objections and Merits. Judgment of
November 28, 2006. Series C No. 161, para. 51; Case of Almonacid Arellano et al. v. Chile. Preliminary Objections,
Merits, Reparations, and Costs. Judgment of September 26, 2006. Series C No. 154, para. 64.
28
Thus, when certain exceptions to the rule of non-exhaustion of domestic remedies are invoked, such as
the ineffectiveness of such remedies or the lack of due process of law, not only is it contended that the victim is
under no obligation to pursue such remedies, but, indirectly, the State in question is also charged with a new
violation of the obligations assumed under the Convention. Thus, the question of domestic remedies is closely tied
to the merits of the case. Cf. Case of Velásquez Rodríguez v. Honduras, Preliminary Objections, supra nota 27;
para. 91; Case of Fairén Garbi and Solís Corrales v. Honduras. Preliminary Objections. Judgment of June 26, 1987.
Series C No. 2, para. 90; and Case of Godínez Cruz v. Honduras. Preliminary Objections. Judgment of June 26,
1987. Series C No. 3, para. 93. Therefore, on several occasions, the Tribunal has analyzed the arguments relating
to said preliminary objection together with other issues on the merits. Cf. Case of Velásquez Rodríguez v.
Honduras. Preliminary Objections, supra note 27, para. 96; Case of Heliodoro Portugal v. Panamá, supra note 20,
para. 19; Case of Castañeda Gutman v. Mexico. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations, and Costs. Judgment
of August 6, 2008. Series C No. 184, para. 34; Cf. Case of Castillo Petruzzi et al. v. Perú. Preliminary Objections.
Judgment of September 4, 1998. Series C. No. 41, para. 53 and Case of Salvador Chiriboga v. Ecuador. Preliminary
Objection and Merits. Judgment of May 6, 2008. Series C No. 179, para. 45.