3. The express foundation on the conditions that motivate the detention, citing the applicable
legal provisions; and,
4. The place where it is to be carried out.
226. The Commission observes in the instant case that the pre-trial detention orders of August 3,
October 17, and November 14, 2000, did not comply with requirements 2 and 3 of Article 236 of the Code of
Criminal Procedure, on not containing: (i) a succinct statement of the fact or facts attributed to Ms. Andrade
Salmón, or of the circumstances of time, manner, and place in which Ms. Andrade allegedly committed the
unlawful act; or (ii) an analysis of the existence in the specific case of the danger of flight or obstruction, in
light of Articles 234 and 235 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. To the contrary, both detention orders were
based solely on the purported guilty of the accused, for which no foundation was given.
227. The standards of the inter-American system for the protection of human rights reflect that
deprivation of liberty should be the exception and not the rule, and accordingly require that the authorities
make an individualized analysis of the circumstances that could justify that exceptional measure, which was
not done in the instant case. Therefore, the Commission concludes, based on the facts provide and the
analysis, that in the Gader and Street Lamps proceedings, the State of Bolivia violated Articles 7(1), 7(2), and
7(3) of the American Convention in connection with Articles 8(2) and 1(1) of said instrument, to the
detriment of Ms. Andrade, on ordering her pre-trial detention and keeping her deprived of liberty based on
the detention orders of August 3, October 17, and November 14, 2000, without justifying the need to deprive
Ms. Andrade of liberty based on the danger of flight or obstruction of justice in the specific case, and for failing
the establish the indicia of her guilt.
A.2
Articles 7(6) and 25 of the American Convention
228. The Commission notes that the habeas corpus action, established at Article 7(6) of the
American Convention, constitutes the fundamental guarantee for safeguarding the right of every person not
to be subject to illegal or arbitrary detention. This remedy, moreover, should offer the possibility of the
judicial authority verifying that the person detained is receiving humane treatment, and it should be an
expeditious, suitable, and effective judicial remedy that guarantees those rights which in supervening fashion
may be violated by the very conditions of the deprivation of liberty.277 The existence of such a remedy is
based on Article 25(1) of the American Convention.
229. The IACHR spelled out the standards regarding the nature and scope of such a remedy in the
Principles and Best Practices on the Protection of Persons Deprived of Liberty in the Americas278:
Principle V. … All persons deprived of liberty shall have the right, exercised by themselves of
by others, to present a simple, prompt, and effective recourse before the competent,
independent, and impartial authorities, against acts or omissions that violate or threaten to
violate their human rights. In particular, persons deprived of liberty shall have the right to
lodge complaints or claims about acts of torture, prison violence, corporal punishment, cruel,
inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, as well as concerning prison or internment
conditions, the lack of appropriate medical or psychological care, and of adequate food.
230. The Commission observes that in general the legislation of the member states of the OAS
establishes remedies of this sort, with certain differences in terms of what they are called. In some cases this
function is performed by the acción de amparo or acción de tutela, and in others, by the writ of habeas corpus
itself in one or another of its modalities. What is important, independent of the name given to the remedy, is
277
IACHR, Report on the Human Rights of Persons Deprived of Liberty in the Americas, OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc 64, December 31, 2011, para.
244.
278
Document approved by the Commission at its 131st regular period of sessions, held March 3 to 14, 2008.