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I/A CourtHR. Case of Cuscúl Pivaral et al. v. Guatemala. Preliminary objection, merits, reparations and costs. Judgment of August 23, 2018. Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor Poisot President Humberto A. Sierra Porto Elizabeth Odio Benito Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni L. Patricio Pazmiño Freire Pablo Saavedra Alessandri Secretary So ordered, Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor Poisot President Pablo Saavedra Alessandri Secretary 114

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I INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE AND PURPOSE OF THE DISPUTE3
II PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT4
III JURISDICTION6
IV. PRELIMINARY OBJECTION7
A. Objection based on failure to exhaust domestic remedies7
A.1. Arguments of the parties and observations of the Commission7
A.2. Considerations of the Court7
V. PRIOR CONSIDERATION8
A. Determination of the presumed victims in this case8
A.1. Arguments of the parties and observations of the Commission8
A.2. Considerations of the Court9
VI. EVIDENCE10
A. Admissibility of the documentary evidence10
B. Admissibility of the testimonial and expert evidence11
VII. FACTS11
A. The HIV/AIDS situation in Guatemala11
A.1. General information on HIV/AIDS11
A.2. Laws enacted to treat HIV/AIDS in Guatemala13
A.3. Other measures adopted to treat HIV/AIDS in Guatemala16
B. The presumed victims and their next of kin18
C. Actions and appeals filed by the presumed victims18
C.1. Letters addressed to the President and other authorities18
C.2. Application for amparo before the Constitutional Court19
VIII. MERITS21
A. Arguments of the Commission and the parties22
B. Considerations of the Court24
B.1. The justiciability of economic, social, cultural and environmental rights26
B.1.1. Literal interpretation26
B.1.2. Internal context - systematic interpretation28
B.1.3. Teleological interpretation31
B.1.4. Supplementary means of interpretation33
B.1.5. Conclusion33
B.2. The right to health as an autonomous and justiciable right34
B.3. The content of the right to health36
B.3.1. Standards relating to the right to health applicable to people living with HIV39
B.4. The violation of the right to health42
B.4.1. Analysis of the medical treatment received by the presumed victims prior to 200442
B.4.2. Analysis of the medical treatment received by the presumed victims after 200443
B.4.3. Analysis of the scope of the discrimination that occurred in this case45
B.4.4. The violation of the principle of progressivity in relation to the right to health49
B.4.1.1. Standards for the right to health applicable to the principle of progressivity49
B.4.1.2. Analysis of compliance with the obligation of progressivity prior to 200450
B.4.1.3. Analysis of compliance with the obligations of progressivity in relation to the alleged legal barriers concerning intellectual property and administrative contracting52
B.5. The violation of the rights to life and to personal integrity53
B.5.1. Analysis of the right to life53
B.5.2. Analysis of the right to personal integrity55
VIII-2 RIGHT TO JUDICIAL GUARANTEES AND TO JUDICIAL PROTECTIONIN RELATION TOTHE OBLIGATIONS TO RESPECT AND TO ENSURE THE RIGHTS58
A. Arguments of the Commission and the parties58
B. Considerations of the Court59
B.1. Appropriateness and effectiveness of the application for amparo62
B.2. Reasonable time63
B.3. Conclusion64
VIII-3 RIGHT TO PERSONAL INTEGRITY OF THE NEXT OF KIN OF THE VICTIMS65
A. Arguments of the parties and of the Commission65
B. Considerations of the Court65
IX. REPARATIONS (APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 63(1) OF THE AMERICAN CONVENTION)68
A. Injured party69
B. Measures of rehabilitation and satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition69
B.1. Measures of rehabilitation70
B.1.1. Arguments of the Commission and the parties70
B.1.2. Considerations of the Court71
B.2 Measures of satisfaction72
B.2.1. Public act to acknowledge international responsibility72
B.2.1.1. Argumentos of the Commission and of the parties72
B.2.1.2. Considerations of the Court72
B.2.2. Publication and dissemination of the judgment72
B.2.2.1. Argumentos of the Commission and of the parties72
B.2.2.2. Considerations of the Court73
B.2.3. Scholarships73
B.2.3.1. Argumentos of the Commission and of the parties73
B.2.3.2. Considerations of the Court73
B.3. Guarantees of non-repetition74
B.3.1. Arguments of the Commission and the parties74
B.3.1. Considerations of the Court74
C. Compensation76
C.1. Pecuniary damage76
C.1.1. Arguments of the Commission and the parties76
C.1.2. Considerations of the Court76
C.2. Non-pecuniary or moral damage77
C.2.1. Arguments of the Commission and the parties77
C.2.1. Considerations of the Court77
C.3. Costs and expenses78
C.3.1. Arguments of the parties78
C.3.2. Considerations of the Court78
D. Reimbursement of expenses to the Legal Assistance Fund79
E. Method of compliance with the payments ordered79
X. OPERATIVE PARAGRAPHS80
ANNEX 1. LIST OF PRESUMED VICTIMS SUBMITTED BY IACHR83
ANNEX 2. LIST OF VICTIMS AND THEIR NEXT OF KIN88
SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE FERRER MAC-GREGOR POISOT115
PARTIALLY DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE SIERRA PORTO133

Cuscul Pivaral y otros. Sentencia de 23 de agosto de 2018

Sentencia de la Corte IDH

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Tipo

Costas
Excepciones Preliminares
Fondo
Reparaciones

Fecha: 23 ago 2018

Mecanismo

Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

Número: C 359

País

Guatemala

Firmantes

Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor Poisot
Eduardo Vio Grossi
Elizabeth Odio Benito
Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni
Humberto Antonio Sierra Porto
Leoncio Patricio Pazmiño Freire

Votos separados

Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor Poisot
Humberto Antonio Sierra Porto

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Cuscul Pivaral y otros. Sentencia de 23 de agosto de 2018.pdf
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Cuscul Pivaral y otros. Judgment. August 23, 2018.pdf
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