27
characteristics due to its urban location, wherein limitations were imposed regarding its use
and enjoyment in order to obtain environmental, ecological, and recreational benefits, which
contribute to the preservation of the resources that serve to benefit society, all of which is
considered to determine the just price. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, the Court notes
that the State continued to collect taxes on the property being expropriated based on the lack
of constructions, despite the fact that it had already imposed limitations in this sense, all of
which will be covered in the corresponding section.
74.
Regarding the eucalyptus forest, the Court notes the expert opinions presented in that
sense (supra paras. 46 and 51). Particularly, it will assess the expert opinion offered by
Rodrigo Borja, which the representatives used as grounds to establish their claims and which
was not contested by the State. In consideration of the aforementioned and of the body of
evidence, the Court finds that on one side, the date the forest was cultivated or its purpose
cannot be concluded. However, it is clear that said forest plantation had a particular
commercial potential, since it implied an important investment that consisted in the planting of
47,314 trees with an extension of 577,000 m2, which is evident since the species found on the
property of María Salvador Chiriboga are not native to the area. In this regard, the Master Plan
of the Municipality of Quito of December 1994, states that the Municipality had established a
“eucalyptus substitution program for native species, in order to turn them into true wild
botanical gardens.”122 On the other hand, the Court understands that the restrictions imposed
on the property, upon declaring it an ecological area, limited the commercial exploitation of
said forest. Therefore, the Tribunal will consider this plantation as an improvement to the
property, 123 which will be carefully assessed along with the body of evidence and included in
the total amount of the compensation.
b) Assessment of the just balance between public and private interests
75.
In those cases where there is a collision between rights, the Tribunal has applied
proportionality standards to consider the restrictions and the consequences they could
entail.124 The Tribunal established that in “the case of an expropriation, said restriction
122
Master plan of December 1994 of the Directorate of Planning of the Metropolitan Municipality of Quito,
wherein the concepts were formulated regarding how the Metropolitan Park of Quito should be (case file of annexes to
the Answer to the application, folio 3552).
123
Cf. Civil Code of Ecuador of June 24, 2005: Art. 952. “The holder who lost has the right to be paid the
necessary expenses invested in its preservation, according to the following rules: If these expenses are invested in
permanent fixtures [...] they holder shall be paid for such expense, in as much as they were necessary; but reduced
to
their
worth
at
the
time
of
restitution.”
[…]
Art. 953. “the holder in good faith, defeated, also has the right to be paid for utility improvements, made before the
petition was filed. Utilities improvements are understood as those that improve its market value.”
124
Case of Salvador Chiriboga V. Ecuador, supra note 24, para. 65: “[T]he Court considers that it is not necessary
that every cause for deprivation or restriction to the right to property be embodied in the law; but that it is essential
that such law and its application respect the essential content of the right to property. This right entails that every
limitation to such right must be exceptional. As a consequence, all restrictive measure must be necessary for the
attainment of a legal goal in a democratic society in accordance with the purpose and end of the American Convention.
Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the legitimacy of the public interest and the process or proceedings used to
pursue such end.” Cf. also: Case of Herrera Ulloa V. Costa Rica. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs.
Judgment of July 2, 2004. Series C No. 107, para. 120; Case of Ricardo Canese V. Paraguay. Merits, Reparations and
Costs. Judgment of August 31, 2004. Series C No. 111, para. 96; Case of Yakye Axa Indigenous Community V.
Paraguay. Merits Reparations and Costs. Judgment of June 17, 2005. Series C No. 125, para. 144; Case of López
Álvarez V. Honduras. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of February 1, 2006. Series C No. 141, paras. 67 to 69;
Case of Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community V. Paraguay. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of March 29,
2006. Series C No. 146, para. 212; Case of Chaparro Álvarez and Lapo Íñiguez. V. Ecuador. Preliminary Objections,
Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of November 21, 2007. Series C No. 170, para. 93; Case of Kimel V.
Argentina. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of May 2, 2008. Series C No. 177, para. 54; Case of Castañeda
Gutman V. México. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of August 6, 2008. Series C No.
184, para. 175, 176 and 180, and Case of Escher et al. V. Brazil. Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and
Costs. Judgment of July 6, 2009. Series C No. 200, para. 129.