17 B. The military dictatorship and the Operation Condor, context in which the facts against Maria Claudia Garcia occurred 44. This case has unique historic importance, as the facts began to perpetrate in a collaboration between Argentine authorities in the context of the systematic practice of arbitrary detention, torture, execution and enforced disappearances perpetrated by the intelligence and security forces of the Uruguayan dictatorship, in the setting of the national security doctrine and the Operation Condor, 23 whose existence was established by this Tribunal in the case of Goiburú and others v. Paraguay in the following way: “Most of the Southern Cone’s dictatorial governments assumed power or were in power during the 1970s, 24 and this permitted the repression of the so-called “subversive elements” at the inter-State level. The ideological basis of all these regimes was the “national security doctrine,” which regarded leftist movements and other groups as “common enemies,” whatever their nationality. Thousands of citizens of the Southern Cone sought to escape repression in their country of origin, taking refuge in bordering countries. The dictatorships therefore created a common “defense” strategy. This was the context of the so-called “Operation Condor,” a code name given to the alliance of the security forces and intelligence services of the Southern Cone dictatorships in their repression of and fight against individuals designated “subversive elements.” The activities deployed as part of this Operation were                                                          23 The existence of the “national security doctrine” and of Plan Condor has been recognized by the Court. Cf. Case of Goiburú et al. V. Paraguay. Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of September 22, 2006. Series C No. 153, paras. 61.5 to 61.8. Moreover, Cf. Historical Investigation on Detainees and Disappeared Persons in compliance with Article 4 of Law 15.488 of 2007 Tome I, Pages. 21, 73, 283 and ss (Case file of annexes to the brief of motions and pleadings, annex 10, CD 1); Nunca Más [Never Again]. Final Report of the National Commission on Forced Disappearance of Persons, Buenos Aires, Eudeba, 1984, chapter 1.K; La coordinación represiva en Latinoamérica [Repressive coordination in Latin America], available at: http://www.desaparecidos.org/arg/conadep/nuncamas/, Last visited on February 23, 2011; Criminal Court of First instance of 7º round of Montevideo, captioned orders: “Bordaberry Arocena, Juan Maria- Diez delitos de homicidio muy especialmente agravados en reiteración real a título de co-autor”, [Bordaberry Arocena, Juan Maria-Diez aggravated homocide by co-perpetrator] IUE 1-608/2003, Judgment of February 9, 2010, available at: http://www.pensamientopenal.com.ar/01042010/latinoamerica06.pdf, Last visited on February 23, 2011; Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política and Tortura [National Commission on Political Detention and Torture], Report, Santiago de Chile, Chapter III, “Context,” 2004 pages. 175 and 196, available at: http://www.comisionvalech.gov.cl/ReportValech.html, Last visited on February 23, 2011; Report of the National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation, Volume I, Tome I, Second Part, Chapter I.B.1, National Corporation of Reparation and Reconciliation, reedition 1999, Santiago de Chile, pages. 37 and 38, available at: http://www.ddhh.gov.cl/filesapp/tomo1.zip , Last visited on February 23, 2011; Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Escola do Legislativo, National Archives of Brazil. “A ditadura de seguranca nacional no rio grande do sul (1964-1985): História and Memória. Conexão Repressiva and Operação Condor”, organizadores Enrique Serra Padrós, Vânia M. Barbosa, Vanessa Albertinence Lopez, Ananda Simões Fernandes. – Porto Alegre, Corag, 2009. Volume 3, pages. 35 and ss. Available at: http://www.portalmemoriasreveladas.arquivonacional.gov.br/media/Ditadura-3-Golpe.pdf, Last visited on January 31, 2011; House of Lords, Judgments - Regina v. Bartle and the Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis and others EX Parte Pinochet (on appeal from a Divisional Court of the Queen's Bench Division), November 25, 1998, Available at: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199899/ldjudgmt/jd981125/pino01.htm, Last visited on February 23, 2011; National Court of Madrid, Central Court of Instruction, Number Five; Indictment against Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, docket 19/97, December 10, 1998 Available at http://www.archivochile.com/Dictadura_militar/pinochet/juicios/DMjuiciopino80030.pdf, Last visited on February 23, 2011 24 Uruguay, 1973; Chile, 1973; Argentina, 1976; Brazil, 1964; Bolivia, 1971; Paraguay, 1954, and Perú, 1968 and 1975.