4 "(...) The State’s obligations require it to act diligently and to achieve a given result, not merely to act in a given manner (such as adopting insufficient and ineffective legislative measures). Indeed, the examination of the difference between obligations to act in a given manner and to achieve a given result11 has, in general, been carried out under a theoretical approach, assuming variations in the conduct of the State and even a succession of acts by the latter,12 -without sufficiently and duly considering a situation that suddenly causes irreparable damage to a human being (v.g., deprivation of life due to the State's lack of diligence)." In other words, the obligations involved are to achieve a given result and not merely to act in a given manner, because, otherwise, they would not refer to compulsory laws and, in addition, they could result in impunity. Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade Judge Pablo Saavedra-Alessandri Secretary 11 Especially based on the work of the United Nations Human Rights Commission on the International Responsibility of States. 12 Cf. A. Marchesi, Obblighi di Condotta e Obblighi di Risultato - Contributo allo Studio degli Obblighi Internazionali, Milano, Giuffrè, 2003, paras. 50-55 and 128-135.