34
120. Second, in the dossier before the Court there is no evidence on the adoption of
the Ethics Code (supra para. 88).
121. Third, the Judicial Power currently has a percentage of provisional judges of
approximately 40% according to the numbers provided by the State, percentage that
at the time of the facts of the present case reached 80% (supra paras. 103 and
104). This, besides generating obstacles to the judicial independence pursuant with
paragraph 118 supra, is especially relevant because of the fact that Venezuela does
not offer those judges tenure (supra paras. 101, 102, and 113). As previously
established, tenure is one of the basic guarantees of judicial independence the State
is compelled to offer both titular and provisional judges (supra paras. 75 through 79
and 114). Additionally, the Court observes that provisional judges are appointed
discretionally by the State, that is, without the use of public competitive tenders
(supra paras. 101, 102, and 113), and many of them have been made titular judges
through the PET (supra para. 105). This means that the corresponding positions
have been filled without giving the people that are not part of the Judicial Power the
opportunity to compete with the provisional judges to access those positions. Despite
the fact that suitability evaluations are set in motion through the PET, this procedure
grants work stability to those initially appointed with absolute discretion.
122. On the other hand, an immediate reinstatement of Mrs. Reverón Trujillo after
the judicial decision that acknowledged the arbitrary nature of her dismissal, and
until the competitive tenders were carried out, would have allowed the protection of
both the objective sought by the transition regimen as well as the guarantee of
tenure inherent to judicial independence. Even more so if one considers that at the
time at which the decision of the SPA was issued the Public Competitive Tender had
not been held. Likewise, the infringement of the rights of the provisional judge
appointed after the dismissal of the victim did not result excessive, since it is
reasonable that the dissolving condition of the appointment of the new provisional
judge be interpreted as dependent of the validity of the dismissal of the previous
one.
123. Therefore, the Tribunal considers that the transition regimen and the
provisional natural of Mrs. Reverón Trujillo, conditions put forward by the SPA when
it did not order her reinstatement, cannot be considered acceptable reasons. The
Court reiterates (supra para. 81) that a necessary corollary of the guarantee of
tenure in the position of provisional judges, as well as that of titular judges, is the
reinstatement to their position, as well as the reimbursement of the salaries not
perceived, when it has been proven, as in the present case, that the dismissal was
arbitrary (supra para. 53). In the case of provisional judges, and based on the
aforementioned reasons (supra para. 116 and 117) it is understood that the
continuance in the position would have been until the dismissing condition occurred,
that is, until the celebration of the public competitive tenders.
124. The Court considers that the reasons that could have been put forward for not
having reinstated Mrs. Reverón Trujillo would have had to be appropriate to achieve
a purpose conventionally acceptable; necessary, that is that there was no other less
damaging or proportional means in a strict sense. Examples of justifications that
could have been acceptable in this case are: i) that the court or tribunal for which
the service was offered no longer exist; ii) that the court or tribunal to which it
offered her service be made up by titular judges appointed pursuant with the law,
and iii) that the dismissed judge have lost her physical or mental capacity to exercise
the position; neither of which were invoked by the SPA in this case.
125. It is important to point out that the State has indicated and provided evidence
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