45
appointments and the creation of administrative bodies not involved with the judicial
system, apart from the ineffectiveness of the Constitutional Tribunal ”178. Another
widespread practice confirmed by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was that
the Attorney General’s Office did not comply with its duty to properly investigate into
the crimes based on its lack of independence from the Executive Power179.
139. Finally, the representatives claimed that the State violated the principle to be
assumed innocent to the detriment of Mr. Anzualdo Castro in view of the content of
the decision to close the investigation of June 3, 2004. In this regard, inasmuch as
this case does not deal with the innocence or guilt of Mr. Anzualdo Castro (supra
para. 36) the representatives' argument is not admissible, since the presumption of
innocence corresponds to “an accused person” and, in said investigation, he was not
the accused, but precisely the victim. Without detriment to the foregoing, the Court
notes that several state agencies linked Mr. Anzualdo Castro or his family to the
group Sendero Luminoso, who were perceived by society and stigmatized by the
State as “terrorists” or the next- of- kin of “terrorists”, with all the negative
consequences this implies180. This led, in the practice, to close the investigation into
his disappearance without having determined any responsible and carried out the
necessary measures to determine his fate or whereabouts.
140. In conclusion, upon assessing the lack of objectivity with which the authorities
acted when deciding to provisionally close the investigation, their attitude towards the
victim, the lack of identification of the responsible, the testimonies taken at the
request of the party, the lack of search for evidence at the place of the facts, the lack
of investigation of the possible places where the victim could have been taken, the
lack of verification of the registries at the detention centers and the manner in which
the investigation was solved, allows to conclude that this first investigation was not
seriously, effectively and thoroughly carried out.
b)
Regarding the investigations carried out as of the year 2002181
141. Regarding this second stage, the representatives argued that it was also
characterized by the lack of due diligence, since there have been no progress in the
investigations as of the year 2002, despite the fact there was new information about
the facts. They alleged that “the transfer of the case from some prosecutor’s offices
to other offices during the proceeding, the lack of coordination between them and the
duplication of investigations have contributed to the lack of due diligence in the
investigation.” According to the State, the different complaints filed with several
instances prove that the State respects the right to effective judicial protection and
due process.
178
Cf. Final Report of the CVR, 2003, volume VIII, General Conclusions, para. 123-131, available at
http://www.cverdad.org.pe/ifinal/index.php
179
Cf. Final Report of the CVR, 2003, volume VIII, General Conclusions, para. 123-131, available at
http://www.cverdad.org.pe/ifinal/index.php
180
Cf. mutatis mutandi, Case of the Miguel Castro- Castro Prison V. Perú. Merits, Reparations and
Costs. Supra note 9, para. 359.
181
Investigation before the Office of the Special Provincial Prosecutor on Forced Disappearances,
Extrajudicial Executions, and Clandestine Graves; Office of the Fifth Supra-Provincial Criminal Prosecutor
(assigned number 50-2002); and the Office of the Third Supra-Provincial Criminal Prosecutor (assigned
number 04-2007); as well as the Investigation before the Office of the Special Human Rights Prosecutor
; investigation informed by the State in its preliminary objection and investigation against former
President Fujimori and extradition proceedings (case number 45-2003).
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