48
representatives do not have standing to separately and independently allege before the
Court that Suriname violated Article 3 of the Convention.
161. The Court has already addressed this issue (supra Preliminary Objections, paras. 2529), and has previously held that the alleged victims or their representatives may invoke
other rights distinct from those included in the Commission’s application, provided that they
refer to the facts already included in the application.175 The Court observes that, although
the Commission did not allege a violation of Article 3 of the Convention, the representatives’
legal arguments regarding the alleged lack of recognition of the Saramaka people’s juridical
personality are based on facts already contained in the application. Thus, the Court will
proceed to analyze the parties’ arguments regarding this issue.
162. Substantially, the State first questioned the cohesion of the Saramaka people as “an
independent bearer of rights and obligations governed by its own laws, regulations and
customs, as the concept of judicial [sic] personality provided for in [A]rticle 3 of the
Convention presumes.” Secondly, the State argued that the American Convention
guarantees that every “person” has the right to be recognized as such before the law and
not as a “distinct people”, as argued by the representatives. Finally, the State argued that
it is possible for the Saramaka people to “approach the civil courts requesting a declaratory
decision recognizing the tribe as a legal entity.”
163. The Court will address the State’s first two arguments in the present section, and the
last argument, concerning the possible available domestic remedies, in the section
concerning the right to judicial protection (infra paras. 176-185).
164. The State’s first argument is that the voluntary inclusion of some of the members of
the Saramaka people in “modern society” has affected their cultural distinctiveness, such
that it would be difficult to define them as a distinct legal personality. That is, the State
questions whether the Saramaka can be legally defined in a way that takes into account the
different degrees to which various self-identified members of the Saramaka people adhere
to traditional laws, customs, and economy, particularly those living in Paramaribo or outside
of the territory claimed by the Saramaka. In this regard, the Court has already declared
that the Saramaka people can be defined as a distinct tribal group (supra paras. 80-84),
whose members enjoy and exercise certain rights, such as the right to property, in a
distinctly collective manner (supra paras. 87-96). The fact that some individual members of
the Saramaka people may live outside of the traditional Saramaka territory and in a way
that may differ from other Saramakas who live within the traditional territory and in
accordance with Saramaka customs does not affect the distinctiveness of this tribal group
nor its communal use and enjoyment of their property. Moreover, the question of whether
certain self-identified members of the Saramaka people may assert certain communal rights
on behalf of the juridical personality of such people is a question that must be resolved by
the Saramaka people in accordance with their own traditional customs and norms, not by
the State or this Court in this particular case.
Accordingly, the lack of individual
identification with the traditions and laws of the Saramaka by some alleged members of the
community may not be used as a pretext to deny the Saramaka people their right to
juridical personality.
165. Having emphasized that the Saramaka people are a distinct tribal group, whose
members enjoy and exercise certain rights collectively, the Court will address the State’s
175
Cf. Case of the “Five Pensioners”, supra note 8, para. 155; Case of Escué Zapata, supra note 22, and Case
of Bueno Alves, supra note 8, para. 121.
Seleccionar párrafo de destino3
Conectar a un párrafo
Connect to an entity
Disable highlights
Añadir a la tabla de contenidos