9
The original text of treaties was not drafted taking into account facts and circumstances that,
nowadays, fall within treaty-based circumstances.
42.
Accordingly, this method of interpretation plays an important role, which is to update the
treaty-based standards to the needs of the new times. Despite this, another of the flaws in the
judgment lies in the use of “evolutive interpretation” to camouflage a “treaty modification.” This
type of modification involves a substantial change in the text of the American Convention, by
“interpretations” that are contrary to the wording of the Convention’s text. Thus, with the pretext
of interpreting the Convention, a situation is created that is contrary to the text or to an
interpretation in keeping with this instrument. Treaty modification obeys the same logic as the
mechanism that constitutional doctrine calls constitutional mutation.23
43.
In this regard, it has already been established that when all interpretation methods are
used, the conclusion is reached that an extensive interpretation of Article 26 of the American
Convention cannot derogate what the States sovereignly decided when they signed and ratified
the Protocol of San Salvador. Thus, I can affirm without fear of contradiction that, in this
judgment, the Court did not make an evolutive interpretation, because evolution cannot lead the
Court to contravene the Convention. It is one thing to decide innovative matters that were not
anticipated by the creators of the norm, and quite another to change the norm.
c) Confusion between the existence of the right and the Inter-American Court’s
jurisdiction
44.
Third, the judgment does not address the problem of jurisdiction, because it focuses its
arguments on proving the existence of the right to work or to job security, but makes no mention
of Article 19 of the Protocol of San Salvador. The only mention of jurisdiction is made at the end
of the analysis of the arguments in paragraph 154 of the judgment in which, once again, the
Court tries to say that the discussion concerning the its jurisdiction had already been settled in
the case of Acevedo Buendía when, as explained above, this assertion is not true.
45.
In my opinion, this confusion is based on the clear desire to rectify, at any cost, what
“some” consider an error in the Protocol of San Salvador when it limits the justiciability of the
ESCR established therein. In this understanding, I consider that it is necessary to make a
distinction between the advantages derived from the justiciability of the ESCR and the legal
determination of the Court’s jurisdiction in this area.
46.
As I have stated on other occasions, the Inter-American Court has already taken indirect
decisions with regard to ESCR, generally by using connectivity, which is a less polemic
methodology and, above all, more respectful of the intention of the States expressed in the
American Convention and in its Protocol. It should not be overlooked that any action above and
beyond the American Convention will be arbitrary even when it is based on good intentions.
E. GENERAL CONCLUSION
47.
In general, I consider that a judgment that declares the international responsibility of a
State cannot include flaws in its arguments of the magnitude described above. If the Court wishes
to hold the domestic courts to such a high standard as that established in this judgment with
regard to providing the reasons for their decisions, the minimum that can be required is that it
use the same yardstick for its own decision because, to the contrary, it runs the risk of adversely
affecting the legitimacy of the Inter-American Court vis-à-vis our colleagues in the jurisdictional
task.
In this regard, constitutional mutation refers to “the transformation or modification of a constitutional principle
or precept.” Humberto Sierra Porto, La reforma de la Constitución, Bogotá, Instituto de Estudios Constitucionales Carlos
Restrepo Piedrahita, 1998, p. 33.
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