the first attorneys to reside in Marabá. In addition, he was a representative of the Pastoral Land Commission (through which he provided legal advice to rural workers), he founded the National Association of Attorneys of Agricultural Workers, and he participated in social movements in the region and in other areas. In his work as an attorney for STR, he defended the rights of rural workers in the region of Pau Seco (infra para. 53). 59 B.2. Eviction of rural workers of Pau Seco and suit brought by Gabriel Sales Pimenta 53. Since at least 1973, parts of Pau Seco 60 that had been made public lands 61 were inhabited and farmed by “occupying” rural workers and their families. 62 In 1980, M.C.N. 63 and J.P.N. stated that they had acquired possession of Pau Seco, where they began to harvest timber, triggering a conflict with those rural workers. 64 Subsequently, in October of 1981, in response to the action for restitution of possession initiated by M.C.N. and J.P.N., a provisional order was issued in their favor. The military police then proceeded to evict the rural workers. 65 In response to that eviction, on November 20, 1981, Gabriel Sales Pimenta, acting in his capacity as attorney for the Union of Rural Workers of Marabá, filed a mandado de segurança 66 before the Court of Justice of the state of Pará and requested the reversal of the provisional ruling of restitution of possession that had triggered the eviction of the rural workers. 67 That mandado de segurança was granted, and on December 21, 59 Cf. Record No. ANATAG/15/82 issued by the National Association of Attorneys of Rural Workers on July 21, 1982 (evidence file, folios 2202–2203); Pará Society for the Defense of Human Rights et al. “Report presented to Hina Jilani, UN Special Rapporteur for Human Rights Defenders,” on December 7, 2005 (evidence file, folios 544–545); Statement of Emmanuel Wambergue, recorded at the March 24, 2011, instruction and trial hearing (evidence file, folio 1338); and Record No. 1595/2018-GP issued by the president of the Court of Justice of the state of Pará (evidence file, folio 1509). 60 The rural area known as “Pau Seco” is located four kilometers from the PA-70 highway in the municipality of Marabá in the south of the state of Pará, in the northern region of Brazil. Cf. Government report of 2020, presented to the InterAmerican Commission on Human Rights in the context of Case 12.675 (evidence file, folio 1862); Ministry of Women, Family, and Human Rights. Tentative agenda for the December 2020 mission to Pará (evidence file, folio 1935); Civil damages suit for pain and suffering filed by Maria da Glória Sales Pimenta and received on November 22, 2007 (evidence file, folios 2712– 2716); Volume 5 of the file of the civil damages suit for pain and suffering (evidence file, folio 4248); and Request for pretrial detention signed by the Commissioner of the Crimes against Persons Division on July 22, 1982 (evidence file, folio 2215). Cf. Civil damages suit for pain and suffering brought by Maria da Glória Sales Pimenta, supra (evidence file, folios 2712–2713). 61 62 Cf. Antonio Francisco da Silva, then president of the Union of Rural Workers, stated that he had lived in Pau Seco since 1974 and that there were already other families living there when he moved there. Cf. Statement by Antonio Francisco da Silva on September 17, 2008 (evidence file, folio 4494) and Final arguments submitted by the public defenders of M.C.N. on June 28, 1997 in the proceedings of criminal trial No. 077/89 (evidence file, folio 281). In addition, Onésia Tome de Souza, farmer, and Francisco Veloso, settler, indicated that they had lived in Pau Seco since 1973. Cf. Newspaper article titled “O povo de Pau Seco não se esquece de Gabriel Pimenta” included in the file of the November 19, 2007, civil damages suit for pain and suffering (evidence file, folio 4936). 63 M.C.N. was the brother of the ex-governor of the state of Minas Gerais, Newton Cardoso. Cf. Newspaper article in A Nova Democracia titled “Justiça premia assassino” from April 30, 2006 (evidence file, folio 459). Cf. Statement by Antonio Francisco da Silva on September 19, 1988 (evidence file, folio 196); Judgment issued by the Third Civil Court of Marabá on October 5, 2011, in the proceedings of trial No. 0007348-91.2007.814.0028 (evidence file, folio 1367); Complaint lodged by Rafael Sales Pimenta before the National Council of Justice on June 18, 2007 (evidence file, folio 5298); Civil damages suit for pain and suffering brought by Maria da Glória Sales Pimenta, supra (evidence file, folios 2712–2714); and Statement by José Ribamar Nonato de Souza on October 24, 1981 (evidence file, folio 3730). 64 Cf. Provisional decision of Judge Ruth Nazare Couto Gurjão on October 9, 1981 (evidence file, folio 2189); Mandado de segurança brought by Gabriel Sales Pimenta on November 20, 1981 (evidence file, folios 2191–2193); and Statement by Antonio Francisco da Silva, supra (evidence file, folio 196). 65 This consists of an action provided for in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil (hereinafter “the Brazilian Constitution”), whose purpose is to protect a certain right that has been violated through an illegal or abusive act by a public official or an agent of a legal entity on behalf of the authorities. Cf. Article 5, LXIX, of the Brazilian Constitution. Available in Portuguese at: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm. 66 Cf. Mandado de segurança brought by Gabriel Sales Pimenta, supra (evidence file, folios 2191–2193) and Newspaper article titled “A causa do assassinato” (evidence file, folio 3699). 67 16