- 84 - 450 Cf. Advisory Opinion OC-4/84, supra, para. 53, and Case of I.V. v. Bolivia, supra, para. 239. Cf. Advisory Opinion OC-18/03, supra, para. 85, and Case of the Hacienda Brasil Verde Workers v. Brazil. Preliminary objections, merits, reparations and costs. Judgment of October 20, 2016. Series C No. 318, para. 335. 451 Cf. Advisory Opinion OC-4/84, supra, paras. 53 and 54, and Case of Gutiérrez Hernández et al. v. Guatemala, supra, para. 150. 452 Cf. Case of Yatama v. Nicaragua, supra, para. 186, and Case of Gutiérrez Hernández et al. v. Guatemala, supra, para. 150. 453 Cf. Case of Apitz Barbera et al. (“First Court of Administrative Disputes”) v. Venezuela, supra, para. 209, and Case of Gutiérrez Hernández et al. v. Guatemala, supra, para. 150. 454 455 Cf. Advisory Opinion OC-17/02, supra, para. 49, and Case of Atala Riffo and daughters v. Chile, supra, para. 150. The said article 2 establishes that: “1. States Parties shall respect and ensure the rights set forth in the present Convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind, irrespective of the child's or his or her parent's or legal guardian's race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status. 2. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the child is protected against all forms of discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of the child's parents, legal guardians, or family members.” 456 Cf. Case of Atala Riffo and daughters v. Chile, supra, para. 151, and Case of Gonzales Lluy et al. v. Ecuador, supra, para. 273. 457