2
consequences with regard to the State’s international responsibility. To this end, the
Court hears the arguments made before it, but is not dependent on them. The
Commission may and should, in compliance with its functional duty, set out its point
of view on the juridical nature of the facts that have violated rights. However, if it
does not do so, or if this does not persuade the Court, the Court may and should
supplement this at its own discretion.
Furthermore, nothing prevents the alleged victim or his representatives from calling
to the Court’s attention the application of the law to the disputed facts in the
proceeding, even when their opinion may differ from that of the Inter-American
Commission. However – as I have already said – they may not introduce into the
proceeding facts that differ from those contained in the application. Finally, the
Court will decide what is appropriate, taking into consideration the facts presented
and the Commission’s legal arguments, submitted with the legitimization that the
Convention recognizes to the plaintiff, as well as the points of view on those
arguments offered by the alleged victim or his representatives in exercise of their
procedural rights.
2. Violation of the right to property
The members of the Court have unanimously considered that, in this case, there was
a violation of the right to property of the pensioners. However, it should be noted
that the right claimed by the complainants was protected by decisions of the
Peruvian Judiciary, which were implemented after the application had been
submitted and, therefore, after the substance of the proceedings, which concluded in
this judgment of the Inter-American Court, had been defined. This explains why a
violation that subsequently ceased was taken into consideration during the
proceeding.
When defining the existence of a violation, it is necessary to consider the conduct of
the State as a whole. If an organ of the State admits and remedies adequately and
promptly the violation committed by another State organ, the State does not incur
international responsibility. It is precisely for this reason, that access to the interAmerican system is conditioned to the prior exhaustion of domestic remedies. It is
hoped that these will resolve the dispute, remedying the violation that has been
committed, if appropriate. Thus, the importance of the domestic jurisdiction having
primacy over the international jurisdiction, which only acts in a subsidiary manner.
In the case that this judgment refers to, the Peruvian courts issued the relevant
protective decisions to safeguard the rights of the complainants until there had been
a ruling on the merits of those rights. However, the Administration failed to comply
with the judicial decisions. The time that this situation of non-compliance persisted
was clearly excessive. In my opinion, in the instant case, the violation of Article 21
of the Convention is closely associated with the violation of Article 25 thereof. The
violation of the right to property arises from the prolonged and unjustified noncompliance with the domestic jurisdictional decisions, because it would not have
existed if those decisions had been complied with by the Administration, promptly
and fully.
3. Progressive development of economic, social and cultural rights
This issue is still new for the inter-American jurisdiction. In several cases, the Court
has examined civil rights that border on economic, social and cultural rights, but it