a.3 Regarding Ms. Jineth Bedoya Lima and the prior threats she experienced while exercising her profession 52. Ms. Jineth Bedoya Lima was born in the city of Bogotá, Colombia, on October 21, 1975. 70 She is a renowned journalist and human rights defender. 71 She began her career in 1995 and has worked since then in a variety of radio, print, and television media outlets in Colombia, focusing on covering the armed conflict there. 72 In 2010, she founded—and currently leads—the “No es hora de callar” campaign, focused mainly on raising awareness and fighting gender-based violence in general, as well as sexual violence against women specifically. 73 As of the issuance of this judgment, Ms. Bedoya is deputy editor of the newspaper El Tiempo. 74 53. Since the beginning of her career as a journalist, Ms. Bedoya has been the victim of threats and acts of harassment, especially in connection with her work covering the internal armed conflict and her reporting on prisons in 1998, first on radio station RCN Radio and, later, in the newspaper El Espectador. 75 With the newspaper, she once again began reporting on the La Modelo Prison, and, in particular, the "arms trafficking and purchase and sale of kidnapped persons, as well as other human rights violations" being committed there. 76 Between 1999 and 2000, she published more than 50 articles on human rights violations committed by armed groups within the prison with the “complicity of State agents,” as documented by Ms. Bedoya. 77 During that time, the journalist was 70 Cf. Civil Registry Birth Certificate of Jineth Bedoya Lima (evidence file, folio 10057). The awards received by Jineth Bedoya Lima include the following: Courage in Journalism Award (New York 2001); International Press Freedom Award, for her coverage of Colombian prisons (Toronto, Canada 2000); International Women of Courage Award (Washington DC, 2012); Simón Bolívar Prize for Journalism (Colombia 2001, 2012); the Pirineos Sur Award (Aragon, Spain); Alfonso López Michelsen National Award for Communication and Journalism (2014), and the Anna Polilkovskaya Award (2017). 71 72 Cf. Expansion of statement of Jineth Bedoya Lima, of May 22, 2003 (evidence file, folio 333). In addition, Ms. Bedoya is the author of the following books: Los Patios del Infierno (2002), Diario de un Combate (2005); En Las Trincheras del Plan Patriota (2008); La Pirárnide de David Murcia (2009); Te hablo desde la prisión (2010); Vida y muerte del 'Mono Jojoy' (2010); Blanco neutralizado (2013); Las batallas de Jineth Bedoya (2014). Also see statement from Jineth Bedoya Lima given at the public hearing held on March 15, 22, and 23, 2021 within the framework of the 140th regular sessions. 73 Cf. “No es hora de callar” campaign, available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xp5O6ScObA8 Also see OXFAM. “Jineth Bedoya, periodista y activista colombiana: No es Hora de Callar,” March 25, 2014, available at: https://www.otromundoesposible.net/jineth-bedoya-periodista-y-activistacolombiana-no-es-hora-decallar/. Cf. Statement from Jineth Bedoya Lima given at the public hearing held on March 15, 22, and 23, 2021 within the framework of the 140th regular sessions. See also El Tiempo, “Jineth Bedoya, una periodista crítica, terca y apasionada,” article dated February 9, 2016, available at: https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-16505480 74 Cf. Sworn statement made by Jorge Enrique Cardona Álzate before the Office of the Attorney General of the Nation, on November 1, 2011, in which Mr. Cardona expressly states that he invited Ms. Bedoya to work at El Espectador “as a result of a series of threats that she received at work in connection with her reporting on prisons,” and because of " the fact that it helped her with her need to change jobs after she received a series of threatening phone calls 75 and a package was left at the radio station containing a dead animal” toward the end of 1998” (evidence file, folio 15). See also, statement made before a notary public by Luz Nelly Lima, of March 6, 2021 (evidence file, folio 39916), and statement by Jorge Enrique Cardona Álzate given during the public hearing held on March 15, 22, and 23 within the framework of the 140th regular sessions. Cf. Statement from Jineth Bedoya Lima given at the public hearing held on March 15, 22, and 23, 2021 within the framework of the 140th regular sessions. 76 77 Cf. Statement from Jineth Bedoya Lima given at the public hearing held on March 15, 22, and 23, 2021 within the framework of the 140th regular sessions, in which she stated the following: The reporting began at the end of 1997. Initially, I did it from the station where I worked—RCN Radio—and later, when I started working with El Espectador, we began to publish articles on the human rights violations committed by the armed groups inside the prison, unfortunately with the complicity of State agents, meaning members of the army and especially the police. More than 50 articles were published between 1999 and 2000. 20