expression of any opinion or idea without fear. 17 27. Along the same lines, IFEX highlights that the State response to violence against women journalists is part of an enhanced duty of due diligence aimed at preventing, punishing, and eradicating violence against women for those States that, in addition from being parties to the American Convention on Human Rights, are parties to the Convention of Belém do Pará. Thus, States must “adopt comprehensive measures to act with due diligence in cases of violence against women. Specifically, they must have an appropriate legal framework for protection that is enforced effectively, and prevention policies and practices that allow effective measures to be taken in response to the respective complaints.” 28. States must establish or develop institutions whose competence is the safety of journalists and the support they need to implement international principles and rules domestically. 29. The objective is to guarantee effective and adequate measures of protection for journalists, particularly taking into account the case of female journalists when the retaliation is sexual violence. Along these lines, as Dr. Catalina Botero indicated in her testimony, “States have an obligation not only to protect at-risk journalists, but also to guarantee that the protective measures adopted are effective and adequate. In this sense, when measures are adopted to protect journalists from the credible threat of damage to his or her physical integrity, the measures must take into account the needs specific to the profession of the beneficiary the beneficiary’s gender, and other individual circumstances.” 18 30. Along the same lines, Expert Juan Méndez indicated with regard to protection measures that they are not limited "to establishing a program that grants physical protection schemes, but to establishing a legal framework that provides the best guarantees for interinstitutional cooperation on prevention, protection and punishment." 31. Likewise, in relation specifically to the measures that the States must take regarding conditions and practices favoring freedom of ECHR, Dink. vs Turkey, Nos. 2668/07, 6102/08, 30079/08, 7072/09 and 7124/09, judgment of September 14, 2010, para. 137. 17 18 IACHR, Annual Report 2013. Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. Chapter III, Violence Against Journalists and Media Workers: Inter-American Standards and National Practices on Prevention, Protection and Prosecution of Perpetrators. OEA/Ser.I./V/II 149. Doc. 50, of December 31, 2013, para. 72. 8