Community was not informed of the plans to declare part of the Salazar Ranch a
private nature reserve, and that the said declaration prejudiced the way of life of the
members of the Community (supra paras. 80 to 82).
159. Also, according to the evidence provided by the State itself, the action on
unconstitutionality filed by the Community has been halted since October 24, 2008,
when “the time limit that the Prosecutor General had to respond to the notification of
this action [was suspended …], this being the last activity in the procedure.”180
160. Moreover, the Court notes that this time limit was suspended owing to the need
to add the administrative case file on the Community’s land claim, which the
representatives forwarded to the Supreme Court on December 14, 2009181 (supra
para. 84). However, despite this and the favorable ruling on the partial appeal against
the respective decree of the Legal Department of the Environmental Secretariat (supra
para. 81), the unconstitutionality proceeding remains suspended.182
161. The Court considers that the passage of more than two years since the filing of
the remedy of unconstitutionality with regard to a decree that has been in force for five
years reveals that the State authorities have not proceeded with sufficient diligence,
taking into account, also, that the State’s technical agencies have recommended that
the said declaration of a nature reserve should be annulled, because “it ignored the
existence of the indigenous peoples’ claim” and “jeopardized their right to communal
property and their traditional habitat recognized [in the] Constitution.”183 In addition,
with regard to the issue of this decree, the INDI President stated that,
“[u]nfortunately, the institutions always acted as watertight compartments,” and that
“the INDI, which is the institution in charge of implementing the public policy on the
indigenous peoples, should have distributed this background information so that the
other ministries [of the social cabinet] [would] have been informed of the indigenous
peoples’ claims.”184
162. Based on the above, the Court finds that the action on unconstitutionality filed
in this case has not provided an effective remedy to the members of the Community
for the protection of their right to ownership of their communal lands.
2.4
Alleged failure to file legal remedies
163. The State argued that the representatives had not used the appropriate
remedies under domestic law, because, in cases such as this one, it is the courts that
must “determine who has [the] most right,” between those who invoke the right to
ancestral property and those who have title and possession and, at the same time, are
exploiting the land productively.”
164. The representatives indicated that “the mechanisms described by the State
correspond to procedures for acquiring land, and not for the restitution of indigenous
territory.” Moreover, regarding the possibility of resorting to the courts to contest an
administrative decision, they indicated that this “assumed the existence of an
administrative decision that could be challenged,” which was not the case of the
180
Cf. Note S.J.I No. 211 of May 21, 2010, supra note 99, folio 4593.
181
Cf. Brief of the representatives of December 14, 2009, addressed to the Constitutional Chamber,
supra note 98, folio 3435.
182
Cf. Note S.J. I No. 211 of May 21, 2010, supra note 99, folio 4593.
183
Cf. Report of December 24, 2009, of the Legal Department of the Secretariat of the Environment,
supra note 90, folios 3383 and 3385.
184
Cf. Testimony of Lida Acuña, supra note 17.
38
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