5
documented practice of the forced disappearance of children and the elimination of
their identity and name during this armed conflict. 8
17.
This decision of the Inter-American Court does not conform to its own recent
case law in this regard and, in my opinion, is regressive. In the instant case, the will
of the State has unfortunately prevailed over the imperatives of human rights
protection. The time has come for the States Parties to the American Convention to
refrain from formulating limitations of this nature, and to modify or withdraw those
that they may have formulated in the past, in order to make them compatible with
the precise scope of Article 62 of the Convention.
18.
With its well-known and reputable juridical tradition, El Salvador could very
well do this, giving a good example to some other countries. It is always worthwhile
recalling the writings of the great Salvadoran international jurist Gustavo Guerrero,
more than 70 years’ ago, who devoted himself particularly to writing on the State’s
international responsibility and the codification of international law. He upheld the
unity and universality of law, and invoked repeatedly the ideal of international justice
as the best guarantee of peace. 9
19.
In this regard, in the Trujillo Oroza case heard by the Court, Bolivia gave a
good example of acknowledging its international responsibility for the facts described
in the application of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, including
those that occurred before the date on which it recognized the Court’s contentious
jurisdiction (July 27, 1993) or ratified the American Convention on Human Rights
(July 19, 1979). This enabled this Court to consider and decide on the continuing
crime of the forced disappearance of José Carlos Trujillo Oroza (which commenced in
1971) and its juridical consequence (Judgment of February 27, 2002, para. 72).
20.
The Court considered this continuing crime integrally, as a whole, as it should
be. This means, as I indicated in my separate opinion in that case, that it is possible
to overcome the contingencies of the classic postulates of the law of treaties, when
there is awareness of this necessity; boni judicis est ampliare jurisdictionem (paras.
2 to 9). In Trujillo Oroza v. Bolivia, a favorable confluence of factors allowed the
Court to take a notable step forward in its case law in its judgment of February 27,
2002.
8
.
For reports which reveal that human cruelty has no limits, or even borders (since this practice also
occurred in internal armed conflicts in other countries), cf. Asociación Pro-Búsqueda de Niños y Niñas
Desaparecidos, El Día Más Esperado - Buscando a los Niños Desaparecidos de El Salvador, San Salvador, UCA
Editores, 2001, pp. 11-324; Asociación Pro-Búsqueda de Niños y Niñas Desaparecidos (APBNND), La
Problemática de Niñas y Niños Desaparecidos como Consecuencia del Conflicto Armado Interno en El Salvador,
San Salvador, APBNND, 1999, pp. 4-80; Asociación Pro-Búsqueda de Niños y Niñas Desaparecidos (APBNND),
La Paz en Construcción - Un Estudio sobre la Problemática de la Niñez Desaparecida por el Conflicto Armado
en El Salvador, San Salvador, APBNND, [2002], pp. 3-75; Asociación Pro-Búsqueda de Niños y Niñas
Desaparecidos, "En Búsqueda: Identidad - Justicia - Memoria", 4 Época - San Salvador (2003), pp. 3-15; and
cf. Amnesty International, El Salvador - ¿Dónde Están las Niñas y los Niños Desaparecidos?, London/San
Salvador, A.I., 2003, pp. 1-10. Cf. also: Procuraduría para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos, Caso
Ernestina y Erlinda Serrano Cruz [the report of the Ombudsman on the forced disappearance of the children,
Ernestina and Erlinda Serrano Cruz, its current impunity and the pattern of violence in which such
disappearances occurred], San Salvador, PDDH, 2004, pp. 1 to 169 (internal circulation only).
9
.
G. Guerrero, La Codification du Droit International, Paris, Pédone, 1930, pp. 9-10, 13, 24, 27 and
150. And cf. A.A. Cançado Trindade and A. Martínez Moreno, Doctrina Latinoamericana del Derecho
Internacional, vol. I, San José, Costa Rica, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 2003, pp. 5-64.