The facts of the case concern the medical diagnosis and subsequent surgery received by Melba Peralta Mendoza for chronic appendicitis, which resulted in permanent and severe health conditions, and the State response to these events.

The IA Court showed that the lack of diligence and the ineffectiveness of justice system’s investigation into the events caused the statute of limitations to expire. The Court also analyzed the link between the right to personal integrity and medical attention, stressing the interdependence and indivisible nature of civil and political rights, and economic, social and cultural rights. The Court reiterated its standards on the State duty to regulate and audit health services.