51 1. To reject the preliminary objection submitted by the State, in accordance with paragraphs 23 of the present Judgment. DECLARES, unanimously, that: 2. The State violated, to the detriment of Francisco Usón Ramírez, the principle of legality and freedom of expression recognized in Articles 9, 13(1), and 13(2) of the American Convention, in relation to Articles 1(1) and 2 thereof, in accordance with paragraphs 57,58, 88, and 100 of the present Judgment. 3. The State violated, to the detriment of Francisco Usón Ramírez, the right to a fair trial and judicial protection recognized in Article 8 and 25 of the American Convention, in relation to Articles 1(1) and 2 thereof, in accordance with paragraphs 116, 119, 131, and 132 of the present Judgment. 4. The State violated, to the detriment of Francisco Usón Ramírez, the rights recognized in Article 7 of the American Convention, in relation to Article 1(1) thereof, in accordance with paragraphs 148, 149, and 150 of the present Judgment. 5. The State failed to comply with Article 2 of the American Convention, in relation to Articles 13(1), 13(2), 8(1), and 25(1) thereof, in terms of paragraphs 155, 156, and 157 of the present Judgment. AND ORDERS, unanimously, that: 6. This Judgment is per se a form of reparation. 7. The State must adopt, in a period of one year, all the judicial and administrative measures and any other measures necessary to leave without effect the military criminal trial instituted against Mr. Usón Ramírez for the facts in this Judgment, in accordance with paragraph 168 thereof. 8. The State must establish, in a reasonable time and through its legislation, limits on the competence of military tribunals, in such a way that the military jurisdiction will be used only with respect to those crimes relating to military functions, and under no circumstances will a civilian or a military official who is retired be subjected to the jurisdiction of the military tribunals, in accordance with paragraphs 172 of the Judgment. 9. The State must modify, in a reasonable time, Article 505 of the Organic Code of Military Justice, in accordance with paragraph 173 thereof.