81
.
318. The Court observes that the investigation of the facts of May 2 nd and 28, 2002 was
ordered by the Public Prosecutors’ Office two years after the complaint was filed and the
State took more than six years to perform the first investigative actions, without justifying
the delay in the recollection of evidence tending to prove the existence of the fact and the
identification of the perpetrators and participants (supra paras. 187 and 195). Regarding
some facts in which an investigation was started, procedural inactivity for periods of
between two and a half and six years that was not justified by the State was proven (supra
paras. 158, 168, 171, 183, 191, 199, 203, 211, and 216). This Tribunal considers that the
investigations corresponding to these facts, have not been carried out in a diligent and
effective manner.
C.ii.3 Lack of diligence in the performance of a legal medical
evaluation
319. This Court has stated that, “the authority in charge of the investigation shall make
sure that the required diligences are carried out and, if this does not occur, it shall adopt
the appropriate measures pursuant with the domestic legislation.”326
320. Regarding the fact of August 19, 2003 the legal medical evaluation required to
determine the existence of injuries and their seriousness was not performed.
321. In cases of physical attacks the moment at which the medical evaluation is
performed is crucial in conclusively determining the existence of the injury and the
damage.327 The lack of an evaluation or its delayed execution make it difficult or impossible
to determine the seriousness of the facts, especially, in order to legally classify the behavior
under the corresponding criminal definition, even more so when there is no additional
evidence. The Court considers that the State has the obligation to proceed with the
examination and classification of the injuries when the complaint is filed and the injured
party is presented, unless the time that has gone by between this and the moment in which
the event occurred makes their characterization impossible.
322. In those cases in which the legal medical evaluation was not performed, the
complaint was filed a few days later and despite this the diligence was not ordered. The
State did not provide enough evidence to prove that the Public Prosecutors’ Office had
performed the appropriate diligences, which allows us to conclude that thre was a lack of
diligence of the body in charge of the criminal prosecution in what refers to its duty to carry
out a diligent and effective investigation.
C.ii.4 Decisions of discontinuance and prosecutorial filing in relation
to the lack of appeal or the request to reopen by the claimants
323. The State argued that the Venezuelan criminal prosecution system enables the Public
Prosecutors’ Office to order the filing of the actions when the result of the latter is
insufficient to present an accusation and to request discontinuance. In this case, these
actions of the Public Prosecutors’ Office have been well founded and justified. The alleged
victims did not exercise the remedies established in the Venezuelan legal system to
question acts of dismissal, filing, and discontinuances, as corresponds, by the Public
Prosecutors’ Office or the competent jurisdictional body.
326
327
Case of García Prieto et al. v. El Salvador, supra note 53, para. 112.
Cf. mutatis mutandi, Case of Bayarri v. Argentina, supra note 38, para. 93, and Case of Bueno Alves v.
Argentina. Merits, Reparations, and Costs. Judgment of May 11, 2007. Series C No. 164, para. 111.