Inter-American Court of Human Rights Case of Durand and Ugarte v. Peru Judgment of August 16, 2000 (Merits) In Durand and Ugarte Case, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (hereinafter "the Court" or "the InterAmerican Court"), composed by the following judges:* Antônio A. Cançado Trindade, President Máximo Pacheco Gómez, Vice-President Hernán Salgado Pesantes, Judge Alirio Abreu Burelli, Judge Sergio García Ramírez, Judge Carlos Vicente de Roux Rengifo, Judge and Fernando Vidal Ramírez, Judge ad hoc; also, present, Manuel E.Ventura Robles, Secretary and Renzo Porni, Deputy Secretary, pursuant to Articles 29 and 55 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court (hereinafter "the Rule"), issues the following judgment: I INTRODUCTION TO THE CASE 1. When submitting this application before the Court, the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights (hereinafter "the Commission" or "the Inter-American Commission") relied upon Articles 50 and 51 of the American Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter "the Convention" or "the American Convention") and Article 26 together with the next Rules of Procedure of the Court in force 1 . The Commission stated this case to entitle the Court to decide whether the State of Peru (hereinafter "the State" or "Peru") had violated the following Articles of the Convention: 1(1) (Obligation to Respect Rights), 2 (Duty to Adopt the Clauses of National Law), 4 (Right to Life), 7(6) (Right to Personal Freedom), 8(1) (Judicial Guarantees), 25(1) * Judge Oliver Jackman refrained from knowing this case because of his participation in these proceedings before the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights, when he was one of its members. 1 Proceedings approved by the Court in its XXIII Regular Session, held from January 9 to 18, 1991 and reformed on January 25 and July 16, 1993 and December 2, 1995.