98
215. It is not for the Court to define the traditional territory of the Yakye Axa
Indigenous Community, but rather to establish whether the State has respected and
guaranteed its members’ right to communal property, and it has done so in the
instant Judgment (supra paras. 123 to 156). Therefore, the State must delimit,
demarcate, grant title deed and transfer the land, pursuant to paragraphs 137 to 154
of the instant Judgment.
216. For this, it is necessary to consider that the victims of the instant case have
to date an awareness of an exclusive common history; they are the sedentary
expression of one of the bands of the Chanawatsan indigenous peoples, of the
Lengua-Maskoy linguistic family, whose traditional form of occupation was as huntergatherers (supra paras. 50.1, 50.2 and 50.3).
Possession of their traditional
territory is indelibly recorded in their historical memory, and their relationship with
the land is such that severing that tie entails the certain risk of an irreparable ethnic
and cultural loss, with the ensuing loss of diversity.
In the process of
sedentarization, the Yakye Axa Community took on an identity of its own that is
connected to a physically and culturally determined geographic space, which is a
specific part of what was the vast Chanawatsan territory.
217. For the aforementioned reasons, the State must identify said traditional
territory and give it to the Yakye Axa Community free of cost, within a maximum
period of three years from the date of notification of the instant Judgment. If the
traditional territory is in private hands, the State must assess the legality, necessity
and proportionality of expropriation or non-expropriation of said lands to attain a
legitimate objective in a democratic society, as set forth in paragraphs 144 to 154 of
this Judgment. For this, it must take into account the specificities of the Yakye Axa
Indigenous Community, as well as its values, practices, customs and customary law.
If for objective and well-founded reasons the claim to ancestral territory of the
members of the Yakye Axa Community is not possible, the State must grant them
alternative land, chosen by means of a consensus with the community, in accordance
with its own manner of consultation and decision-making, practices and customs. In
either case, the area of land must be sufficient to ensure preservation and
development of the Community’s own manner of live.
218. To comply with the requirement set forth in the previous paragraph, the
State, if necessary, will establish a fund exclusively for the purchase of the land to be
granted to the Yakye Axa Community, within a maximum period of one year from
the date of notification of the instant Judgment, and that fund will be used either to
purchase the land from private owners or to pay fair compensation to them in case
of expropriation, as appropriate.
b)
Providing basic services and goods
219. The Commission and the representatives, in their main briefs, expressed the
need to provide basic services to the members of the Yakye Axa Indigenous
Community, including drinking water and sanitary infrastructure, a public health
center and a school. They also mentioned the need for medical and educational
services to be provided permanently to the members of the Community in a
culturally pertinent manner, taking into account its customs and traditions. The
State, in turn, pointed out that
Select target paragraph3
Connect to a paragraph
Connect to an entity
Disable highlights
Add to table of contents