Inter-American Court of Human Rights Case of Barrios Altos v. Peru Judgment of March 14, 2001 (Merits) In the Barrios Altos case, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (hereinafter “the Court” or the “InterAmerican Court”), composed of the following judges:1 Antônio A. Cançado Trindade, President Máximo Pacheco Gómez, Vice President Hernán Salgado Pesantes, Judge Alirio Abreu Burelli, Judge Sergio García Ramírez, Judge and Carlos Vicente de Roux Rengifo, Judge; also present: Manuel E. Ventura Robles, Secretary and Renzo Pomi, Deputy Secretary in accordance with Articles 29, 55 and 57 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court (hereinafter “the Rules of Procedure”), delivers this judgment. I INTRODUCTION OF THE CASE 1. On June 8, 2000, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (hereinafter “the Commission” or “the Inter-American Commission”) submitted to the Court the application in this case, in which it invoked Article 51(1) of the American Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter “the Convention” or “the American Convention”) and Article 32 of the Rules of Procedure. The Commission submitted the case so that the Court would decide whether the State of Peru (hereinafter “Peru”, “the State” or “the State of Peru”) had violated Article 4 (Right to Life) of the American Convention with regard to Placentina Marcela Chumbipuma Aguirre, Luis Alberto Díaz Astovilca, Octavio Benigno Huamanyauri Nolazco, Luis Antonio León Borja, Filomeno León León, Máximo León León, Lucio Quispe Huanaco, Tito Ricardo Ramírez Alberto, Teobaldo Ríos Lira, Manuel Isaías Ríos Pérez, Javier Manuel Ríos Rojas, Alejandro Rosales Alejandro, Nelly María Rubina Arquiñigo, Odar Mender Sifuentes Nuñez and Benedicta Yanque Churo. It also requested the Court to decide whether the State had violated Article 5 (Right to Humane Treatment) of the American Convention with regard to Natividad Condorcahuana Chicaña, Felipe León 1 Judge Oliver Jackman informed the Court that, for reasons beyond his control, he could not attend the Twenty-fifth special session of the Court; consequently, he did not take part in the discussion and signature of this judgment.