93. The Court received expert,96 testimonial97 and documentary98 evidence, as well as reports of United Nations experts,99 which reveal the existence in social media and in parts of Chilean society of unfavorable stereotypes and the concept of what is called “the Mapuche question,” the “Mapuche problem,” or the “Mapuche conflict,” which delegitimize the claims concerning the territorial rights of the Mapuche indigenous people or, in general, describe their social protest as violent or present it as creating conflict between this people and the other inhabitants of the area.100 96 Cf. Statement made by expert witness Jorge Contesse before the Inter-American Court during the public hearing held on May 29 and 30, 2013; affidavits prepared on May 17, 2013, by expert witness Carlos del Valle Rojas; on May 17, 2013, by expert witness Fabien Le Bonniec; on May 15, 2013, by expert witness Ruth Vargas Forman, and written statement prepared on May 26, 2013, by expert witness Rodolfo Stavenhagen, (file of statements of the presumed victims, witnesses and expert witnesses, folios 288 to 298, 327, 328, 400, 407, 697 and 698). 97 Cf. Statement made by presumed victim Víctor Manuel Ancalaf Llaupe before the Inter-American Court during the public hearing held on May 29 and 30, 2013; affidavits prepared on May 17, 2013, by presumed victim José Benicio Huenchunao Mariñán; on May 24, 2013, by witness Luis Rodríguez Piñero; on May 17, 2013, by Matías Ancalaf Prado; on May 14, 2013, by presumed victim Juan Patricio Marileo Saravia; on May 14, 2013, by presumed victim Juan Ciriaco Millacheo Licán; on May 16, 2013, by Carlos Pichún; on May 17, 2013, by Pascual Alejandro Pichún Collonao; on May 20, 2013, by Claudia Ximena Espinoza Gallardo; on May 24, 2013, by Freddy Jonathan Marileo Marileo, and written statements prepared on May 27, 2013, by presumed victims Patricia Roxana Troncoso Robles and Segundo Aniceto Norín Catrimán (file of statements of the presumed victims, witnesses and expert witnesses, folios 35, 183, 196, 204, 221, 235, 238, 256, 339, 430, 638 and 642). 98 Cf. Eduardo Milla Seguel, “Los mapuche ante la justicia. La criminalización de la protesta indígena en Chile”, Chile, Santiago. LOM Ediciones, 2007, p. 145 (file of annexes to the CEJIL motions and arguments brief, annex D5, folio 3359); Pablo A. Segovia Lacoste, “Semántica de la guerra en el conflicto mapuche” (file of annexes to the FIDH motions and arguments brief, annex 12, folios 443 to 455); Myrna Villegas Díaz, “El Mapuche como enemigo en el Derecho (Penal). Consideraciones desde la biopolítica y el derecho penal del enemigo”, Portal Iberoamericano de las Ciencias Penales (file of annexes to the CEJIL motions and arguments brief, annex C 6, folios 2181, 2182 and 2187); Eduardo Mella Seguel and Le Bonniec, “Movimiento mapuche y justicia chilena en la actualidad: reflexiones acerca de la judicialización de las reivindicaciones mapuche en Chile” in Aylwin, José (editor), Derechos Humanos y Pueblos Indígenas: Tendencias Internacionales y Contexto Chileno, Temuco, Institute for Indigenous Studies and Universidad de la Frontera, 2004 (file of annexes to the CEJIL motions and arguments brief, annex C 10, folios 2357-2361), and Human Rights Watch. “Undue Process: Terrorism trials, military courts, and the Mapuche in Southern Chile,” October 2004 (file of annexes to the FIDH motions and arguments brief, annex 14, folios 528 and 529); Newspaper article published in “El Mercurio,” digital edition on March 2, 2000, entitled “Conflicto Mapuche Bordea el Terrorismo”; Newspaper article published in “Emol.Chile” on January 23, 2001, entitled “Piden aplicar la ley antiterrorista en la Aracucanía”; Newspaper article published in “Emol.Chile” on February 2, 2001, entitled “Pérez Walker: Gobierno no se impone ante conflicto mapuche”; Newspaper article published in “El Mercurio,” digital edition on December 14, 2000, entitled “Atentados de grupos armados: Zaldívar, partidario de la ley antiterrorista”; Newspaper article published in “El Mercurio,” digital edition on July 15, 2002, entitled “Sólo un mapuche cumple presidio”; Newspaper article published in “El Mercurio,” digital edition on December 6, 2002, entitled “Conflicto en la IX Región: Ejecutivo pide la ley antiterrorista contra mapuches”; Newspaper article published in “El Mercurio” digital edition on July 30, 2005, entitled “Juicio a Mapuches”; Newspaper article published in “El Mercurio,” digital edition on November 6, 2004, entitled “Víctimas contra fallo absolutorio de Mapuches: ellos quedan como inocentes y nosotros con casas quemadas” (file of annexes to the FIDH motions and arguments brief, annexes 60.3, 60.4 60.5, 60.7, 60.8, 60.10, 60.19 and 60.21, folios 1968 to 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1988, 1990), and Newspaper article published in “piensaChile.com” on March 19, 2008, entitled “Jueza y fiscal avalan tortura y montajes en juicio por atentado contra Forestal Mininco” (file of annexes to the Merits Report 176/10, appendix 1, folios 2822 to 2824). 99 Cf. UN Doc. E/CN.4/2004/80/Add.3, 17 November 2003, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, Rodolfo Stavenhagen, submitted in accordance with Commission resolution 2003/56, Addendum, Mission to Chile (file of annexes to the Merits Report 176/10, annex 5, folio 259); UN Doc. A/HRC/12/34/ Add.6, 5 October 2009, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, James Anaya, Addendum, The situation of indigenous peoples in Chile: follow-up to the recommendations made by the previous Special Rapporteur, paras. 7 and 8 (file of annexes to the Merits Report 176/10, annex 12, folio 259), and UN Doc. A/HRC/25/59/Add.2, 14 April 2014, Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, Ben Emmerson, Addendum, Mission to Chile, paras. 27 and 49 (merits file, tome V, folios 2566 a 2587). 100 In this regard, the book by Eduardo Milla Seguel, presented by CEJIL, states, among other matters, that “the media have established a forceful discourse, based on prejudices and in defense of the private property of the forestry companies and farmers settled on Mapuche ancestral territory, which tends to deny ‘the rights of the indigenous peoples’ influencing national and regional society and the judicial proceedings that, nowadays, affect members of Mapuche communities.” Cf. Eduardo Milla Seguel, “Los mapuche ante la justicia. La criminalización de la protesta indígena 32