actions, and had allowed violence to occur by failing to comply with its obligations.
They added that, “regarding the safeguard in favor of third parties that was eliminated
from the second title, the Court should apply the principle of the continuity of States
(or identity of States), since the said clause was eliminated by an administrative
decision of the Honduran State signifying real progress in the recognition of indigenous
rights in Honduras, rather than by a decision of a former Minister in his personal
capacity by which the State sought “to disregard its final decisions and ignore the
ancestral, ownership and conventional rights of the Punta Piedra Garifuna, [which]
would represent an unacceptable regression.”
161. The State acknowledged the need to ensure the peaceful possession of the
territories of the indigenous communities by freeing them of encumbrances and,
therefore, pursuant to the laws of Honduras, it has the obligation to free the area
occupied by the inhabitants of the village of Rio Miel of encumbrances. The State
indicated that it had tried to clear the title granted to the Punta Piedra Garifuna
community and, to this end, on two occasions, it had agreed on the value of the
improvements to be paid to the Rio Miel inhabitants. It indicated that, currently, it was
unaware of the value of the improvements that, over their 20-year occupation of those
lands, had been made by the Rio Miel inhabitants. However, it had planned to again
update the appraisal so as to be able to propose payment for the improvements, and
to purchase land in another location to resettle them and try to avoid outbreaks of
violence between the two communities. Subsequently, in its final arguments, it
underlined that “the Honduran State committed a deprivation of rights” by amending
the title granting the community an expansion, because this constituted a violation of
the Rio Miel inhabitants’ right of occupation and, therefore, of the right granting them
full ownership of the said land. The Honduran State insisted that it had not violated the
right to property of the Punta Piedra community because it was not occupying the land
claimed when it was titled and is not occupying it at this moment either; therefore, the
community has no right to the land they claim being freed of encumbrances.
B. Considerations of the Court
162. First, the Court repeats that, as established in the section on the State’s partial
acknowledgement of responsibility, this produced legal effects as regards the violation
of the right to property, recognized in Article 21 of the Convention (supra para. 45).
However, in this chapter, the Court will analyze the arguments of the parties and the
Commission in order to determine its scope. In addition, the dispute with regard to
Articles 1(1) and 2 of the Convention persists, and this will be examined together with
the arguments in the corresponding section (infra para. 203 to 211). Also, pursuant to
the prior consideration (supra para. 56) and proven facts (supra para. 91), the
standards for indigenous and tribal rights are applicable to the Punta Piedra Garifuna
community.
163. Furthermore, three main disputes exist in light of the position of the parties and
the Commission. The first consists in determining the scope of the State’s obligation to
ensure the use and enjoyment of the property titled to the Punta Piedra Garifuna
community vis-à-vis third parties, owing to its alleged inability to possess its traditional
territory peacefully; the second relates to the compatibility of the applicable domestic
laws with the American Convention; and the third relates to the moment at which the
right to prior consultation should be implemented. It is worth noting that, in this case,
the Commission did not present the situation of the Rio Miel inhabitants – as a
population settled in the territory – as a relevant fact, and the Court will take this into
account when deciding on a solution to the instant case.
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