10
.
State indicated that the alleged victims did not file any action within the domestic legal
system.
35.
In this regard, the representatives held that the alleged violations included in the
Commission’s application were denounced in a timely manner and informed of to the
Venezuelan Public Prosecutors’ Office. The fact that the State admitted that the complaints
are being processed implies that it accepts that the case is admissible, since six years have
gone by since the first facts denounced had occurred. Likewise, they argued that the
exception to the rule of exhaustion of domestic remedies of “unjustified delay” in deciding
the mentioned remedies was present in this case, criterion that was adopted and applied in
Admissibility Report No. 6/04 of the Inter-American Commission, where the argument that
the alleged victims had not presented certain appeals for review was also dismissed.
Additionally, they argued that the State’s lack of interest was aggravated since its own
bodies closed on-going investigations, invoking only its own ineffectiveness to justify the
defenselessness of the alleged victims within the domestic jurisdiction. They state that the
Public Prosecutors’ Office is the only body in charge of public criminal actions in Venezuela
and therefore it is responsible of carrying out all the necessary investigation actions and
determining the authors of the criminal actions.
36.
On its part, the Commission held that in its Admissibility Report No. 6/04 the matter
of the exhaustion of the remedies of the domestic jurisdiction was duly clarified. It argued
that in this report the Commission considered the applicability of the objection established
in Article 46(2)(c) of the American Convention, in light of the elements present in the case
file, and therefore a new discussion regarding this matter is inadmissible. The Commission
mentioned that the State did not argue in its response to the application that this decision
was based on erroneous information or that it was the result of a process in which the
parties saw their equality or their right to a defense limited. The Commission considered
that the content of the decisions on admissibility adopted pursuant with the rules
established in the Convention and in the Rules of Procedures of the Commission should not
have to be examined again before the Court. Finally, it mentioned that the arguments of
the State regarding the effectiveness of the remedies would result impertinent under the
concept of a preliminary objection, since any discussion on the unjustified delay and nonconformity of the domestic processes with the conventional obligations that correspond to
the State is a matter that must be solved as part of the merits of the case.
37.
The Court has developed guidelines to analyze an exception of non-compliance to the
rule of exhaustion of domestic remedies.26 To this effect, it is necessary to analyze its
formal and material assumptions, established in Article 46 and 47 of the American
Convention and in the relevant statutory and regulatory stipulations of the bodies of the
Inter-American System, which is helping, subsidiary and complementary to the protection
that must be offered by the domestic law of the States Parties. With regard to the formal
aspects, in the understanding that this objection is a defense available to the State, matters
that are strictly procedural must be verified, namely: the procedural moment when the
objection has been filed (if it was argued in a timely manner); the facts regarding which it
was filed and if the interested party has mentioned that the admissibility decision was based
on erroneous information or on some infringement of their right to a defense. Regarding the
material assumptions, if they have been filed and the remedies of the domestic jurisdiction
have been exhausted, pursuant with the principles of International Law generally
acknowledged will be verified: specifically, if the State that files this objection has indicated
the domestic remedies that have not yet been exhausted, and it will be necessary to prove
that these remedies were available and adequate, ideal, and effective. Since this is a matter
Cf. Case of Velásquez Rodríguez V. Honduras. Preliminary Objections. Judgment of June 26, 1987. Series
C No. 1, para. 88; Case of Nogueira de Carvalho et al. V. Brazil. Preliminary Objections and Merits. Judgment of
November 28, 2006. Series C No. 161, para. 51, and Case of Almonacid Arellano et al. V. Chile. Preliminary
Objections, Merits, Reparations, and Costs. Judgment of September 26, 2006. Series C No. 154, para. 64.
26